Greek mythology Essay Example for Free

Greek mythology EssayEngels biography is a display of such scientific course. His archaean life had been the explanation why he came about with his voluminous works on history. His works were a summation of the different implications of the facts how he was raised and think of him to become, his experiences, and his direct contact with the production process and later in complete absorption to the subverter struggle in the industrial West. Friedrich Engels was born in Barmen, Prussia to a family of bourgeois origins in September 28, 1820. At that moment, Europe was at the height of the development of the industrial era and wars of conquest for the accumulation of market, labour and resources for the bourgeois economy. It was a time of rapid changes ensuing on all borders. Expansion of industrial interests was grappling Europe. Colonies in Asia, Africa and Latin America were continuously ransacked while the European continent was in a constant scrabble of migration from differen t nations in search of industrial work. Indeed an era of accumulation of wealth and technological advances to break productivity .With these changes in the economic landscape came the winds of liberal thought. New machines that were never seen before were conceived side by side with political ideas never heard before. thereof the revolutionized industry became a breeding ground for a revolutionary spectre. Friedrich Engels was never detached from these changes. From his childhood until his intellectual career was on its full bloom, the economic transformations in Europe became the solid foundations of Marxist historiography.His nascent years had been vital for the development of his future philosophical pursuit. In his poem To My Grandfather, written December 20, 1833, Friedrich had shown his too soon acquaintances in history through stories in the Greek mythology which he described as many a(prenominal) a beautiful story that his grandfather had told him . Another ignoble poem written 3 years after described characters in stories from all over Europe seen by young Friedrich as pictures to delight . He was an observer and the environment drew much attention from him.Once he wrote about the conditions in Wuppertal, one of his first attempts to explain the seemingly complicated miseries of the working(a) class , even the columns of a building and the style of architecture did not escape his watch. It was the beginning of his acquisition of his most powerful weapon in his revolutionary battle excellence in textual conveyance. Not only was it a peek to his future history inclinations but also his superb literary giving that has greatly manifested in his works. In such a young age, Engels had learned that his wealth was a curse.The environment in which Friedrich Engels lived was full of stark contradictions. External factors greatly affected his inner resolve. His father, a German textile mill owner, wanted him to become an industrialist too like himself. Kn owing in his self that he was not fit for that kind of life, a strained relationship developed between them. A supporter of the Prussian government, Friedrichs father held conservative views in political relation and religion which were attributed to his Protestant Pietist devotion.He enrolled Friedrich in local Pietist schools where he was indoctrinated with narrow fundamentalist views of society. Those were never acceptable to his broad interests. Hoping that the radical youth in Friedrich could good-tempered be doused with cold waters of isolation, he was sent to Bremen before he finished his high school studies to work as a clerk. These efforts were put to waste. on that point he exhibited despise to autocracy and religion, enjoyed life at its fullest and studied literature, philosophy, theology and history . Engels was drawn to the democratic struggles that were gaining political momentum at that time.Using a pen name of Friedrich Oswald, he participated in the literary movem ent. His first work, a poem titled The Bedouin was published in the Bremisches Conversationsblatt No. 40. In September 1838 and many other literary works and commentaries proceeded thereafter. As an active radical, Engels wrote articles for the democratic movement while attending lectures at Berlin University with his military service all at the like time. When he moved to Berlin to join the Household Artillery of the Prussian Army, he already had attractions to the Young Hegelians .

Kant Deontological Theory Essay Example for Free

Kant Deontological Theory Es ordinateThe Formula of Humanity- Act so that you use humanity, whether in your own person or that of a nonher, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means. The Formula of the Kingdom of Ends- Act in accordance with the maxims of a member bountiful universal laws for a merely possible kingdom of ends. The moralistic occupation is what we should be doing. Good is defined as doing what is right and avoiding doing wrong. We have a trans operateion to be portrayalive in such a way that our actions atomic number 18 moral even if it produces unfavourable results. What is practised, accord to Kant Nothing is good but a good ordain. (Good goals).It is good to be creative or to have good fortune with good knocked out(p)comes the world becomes a better place. Goodwill is having the good intention to perform ones duty. The consequences of our actions do not make an action good but rather the goodwill. What is having a good will? Kant p roposes that when someone acts out of goodwill that is when someone is performing out of duty. According to Kant Duty should be done for the sake and duty alone. How do we know our duty in a certain situation? Duty has nothing to do with a certain situation or what happens all that matters is the decision is good and the outcome is good.Kant suggests act as if our decision applies to all people at all times. It is always in order to tell lies if the outcome is favourable? Kant would disagree with this. When we act stringently out of duty we act sourceably in a manner that we fulfil our duties. Having goodwill is to perform ones duty It is our duty to do our duty even though we might not be rewarded in this life but we will be rewarded in the next life. Deontological Ethics. Kant Deontological theory of ethical motive it is linked to moral law of ethics, especially that branch dealing with duty, moral obligation, and right action.Origin 182030 Greek deont- that which is binding (st em of deo) (Websters Revised Unabridged vocabulary (1913), edited by Noah Porter. ) The word deontology comes from the Greek word meaning duty (deon) and science (or study) of (logos). In moral philosophy, deontological ethics Ethical are theories that maintain that the moral rightness or wrongness of an action depends on its intrinsic qualities. (Websters Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913), edited by Noah Porter). A Quote from Kant Awe and esteem fills the mind.Starry heavens a metaphor (scientific absolutism) above and the moral law within. Like gravity and science these are laws which are unequivocal as well as moral laws. We have a choice we pot all still identify the moral law e. g. do not steal. Kantian deontological theory of ethics is an absolutes theory something which is considered wrong i. e. suicide will always be wrong. Kant argues that morals is rooted in reason he states that the demands of morality are absolute or categorical and it presupposes freedom, we hav e a choice and can identify and sharp-wittedly identify morality.Kant states that morality must be unconditional it has to be categorical. Kant distinguishes between categorical imperatives from hypothetical ones. The categorical imperative is not about desires or goals but rather about personal well-being. flat imperatives are absolute and universal. Categorical imperative is necessary truth and cannot be without self-contradiction or irrationality. The Universal Law Act simply in accordance with that maxim by dint of that at the same time, will that it become a universal law. Ones actions must be universal.The Universal law is that one should act on the maxim a law which can become a universal law in nature when acceptable and sustainable. We know that lying and stealing is wrong. If everyone did this nightclub would fail. Perfect duties are without exceptions, but we understand that torture and suicide is always wrong. Suicide is always wrong if this was universalized smart set would fail. We know that making False Promises that cannot be fulfilled, is always wrong if we cannot regard this as a universal law society would fail.Breaking promises when it in my interest he states that this inconsistent and therefore cannot be a moral imperative. fragile duties is seeking the perfection of our duties are contradictions to our will. We ought to be seeking to promote the happiness of early(a)s. We understand that this is not always possible. He does not exclude pleasure in doing duty, but that pleasure should not be the guide to what ones duty is. What is duty? Kant says Duty is the necessity of acting from respect for the Law Kant believes that duty should be crowned in the end with happiness.Obedience he says is a maxim that is universally binding as a law to all rational beings. Treat humans as ends to themselves and should respect and never to treat others as a means to an end but only as an end. This means that we should respect others, because every human possesses an intrinsic value. We are to consider whether our actions are moral and acceptable. Kant argues that morals are about following the rules. Kant moral theory can be summarised in two ways Kant argues that we all have a choice that we can all identify the moral law. The Categorical ImperativeKant designed the Categorical imperative as a framework used to make moral law, which states that one must do what one expects other to do in a similar situation. The Categorical Imperative is the central concept in Kants ethics and the groundwork to Metaphysics of Morals. It is based to the supreme article of belief of morality (4392), from which all our moral duties come from. He believed that moral requirements were based on a standard of rationality and he named this the Categorical Imperative. By using the Universal Imperatives we use our reason (as long as it is not corrupted) to guide us in a path which is morally virtuous.He states that we should act according to the max im by which you can at the same time will that it becomes a universal law. Kant uses the example of a person who lends money and is unable to reciprocate the loan. He states that this cannot be a universal law people will no longer believe each other and no person will lend money to another. This can be explained in three ways The Universal Law means that one should act on an action which can be sustained. It is important that we should consider if an action is right or wrong.This action will eliminate selfish action towards other human beings. Imperfect Duties Imperfect duties to seek the happiness of other people this cannot completed always. The moral law will most certainly collapse if everyone told lies and were to steal. It is expected of one to perform ones duty in every way. The Kingdom of Ends is in accordance with the maxims of a member giving universal laws for a merely possible kingdom of ends is an ideal society every person must act in such a way that it benefits the greater number of people for the greater good.Every person should act in such a way as if the person through their maxim were universal lawmakers as members in the universal kingdom of ends. One cannot say I will kill myself out of love this is acceptable and cannot be regarded as a universal law. He argues that humans have an intrinsic worth, and convey a special place in creation, therefore people are to be treated with respect and dignity because we should understand that we are all rational agents. We possess the freedom to make our own decisions set targets and guide our conduct by reason.He believes that God is the Supreme Being speaking through our conscious. indeed Gods existence although it remains unproven it is necessary in order for Kants ethical theory to be sound. He states that is freedom and immortality. God is the law presenter to be obeyed Kant argues that there must be a God and an after-life since it would be intolerable if there were no reward. Kant states th at if humans were to disappear from the planet the moral dimension would disappear too. Critique on Kants theories Humans are motivated by pleasure and not only by reason.The question is it possible to act unselfishly, it is necessary to take consequences into consideration. Kant ethics places great emphasises on lying as a form of wrong. He fails to offer an understanding of conflict between diametric duties, Kant theories does not take into consideration social conditioning and free will. I disagree with Kant that feelings are subjective and selfish and find that he focuses too a great deal on pure practical moral reason he excludes feeling and desires.Kant tries to combine ethics with reason but this seems unrealistic as the concept of reason does not exist in isolation from human beings and their feelings and actions. Ref Jorge J. Gracia E, Gregory M, Reichberg and Bernard, Schumacher N. The Classics of Western Philosophy, (Blackwell Publishing Ltd). 2004. Ref Mc Coy A. An In telligent Persons aim to Christian Ethics, Continuum. London , New York Ref http//www. slideshare. net/t0nywilliams/kant-9170093.

Difference Between Traditional File Systems Information Technology Essay

Difference Between Traditional File Systems In tenoration Technology try onWikipedia, The traditionalistic register transcription is a method of storing and arranging information processing placement cross- agitates and the information in the charge up. Basic exclusivelyy it organizes these files into a infobase for the storage, constitution, manipulation, and retrieval by the computers operating system.For this method, a file name is assigned to a file in order to secure storage location in the computer memory or selective information storage devices much(prenominal) as cloggy disks or CD-ROMs atomic number 18 delectationd to maintain the physical location of the files. By this file name a file send packing be further accessed. Whether the file system has an underlying storage device or non, file systems typically take away directories which associate file names with files, usually by connecting the file name to an index in a file allocation table.A new design for file wariness is the concept of a informationbase-based file system.Files atomic number 18 identified by their characteristics, like eccentric person of file, topic, author, etc(database anxiety system) consists of softw are that operates databases, providing storage, access, trade protection, backup and other facilities. This system elicit be categorized jibe to the database model and the type of computer that they support such(prenominal) as a server cluster or a mobile ph wizard, the query language(s) that access the database, such as SQL or XQuery, performance trade-offs, such as maximum scale or maximum speed or others. Some DBMS cover to a greater extent than mavin entry in these categories, e.g., supporting multiple query languages.Meanwhile database management systems are usually accessed in a client-server manner, where the database client and the server are located on different machines (in a local area network).Both systems deal with information management.F ile-based SystemFile-based systems were an early attempt to computerize the manual filing system. File-based system is a collection of application programs that perform services for the end-users, such as updating, insertion, deletion adding new files to database etc. Each program defines and manages its data.When a computer user wants to blood line data electronically they must do so by placing data in files. Files are stored in specific locations on the hard disk (directories). The user whoremaster create new files to office staff data in, delete a file that see to its data, rename the file, etc which is known as file management a function provided by the Operating System (OS).Advantages of traditional file based systemDisadvantages of traditional file based systemNo desire of external storageProvides less security.No need of a broad(prenominal)ly technical person to handle the database.Redundancy is more.Processing speed is high as compared to DBMSLess integrity.High mult ifactoriality in updating of database.Table 1.1.1Database Management SystemThe reformment of the File-Based System (FBS) was the Database Management System (DBMS) which came up in the 60s.The Database Management System removed the trouble of manually locating data, and having to go through and through it. The user could create a suitable structure for the data beforehand, to place the information in the database that the DBMS is managing. Hence, the physical organizing of files is done away with and provides the user with a logical view of the data input.A database is a collection of interrelate information stored in a database server these data will be stored in the form of tables. The ancient aim of database is to provide a way to store and retrieve database information fast and in an efficient manner.AdvantagesControl of data redundancyAlthough the database approach does not remove redundancy contendly, it bids the sum up of redundancy in the database.Data unityBy re sorr owful or controlling redundancy, the database approach reduces the risk of inconsistencies occurring. It ensures all copies of the idea are kept consistent.More information from the same amount of dataWith the amalgamation of the operated data, it is possible to derive additional information for the same data.Sharing of dataDatabase belongs to the entire governing and can be shared by all authorized users.Improved data integrityDatabase integrity provides the validity and consistency of stored data. Integrity is usually expressed in terms of constraints, which are consistency rules that the database is not permitted to violate.Improved securityProvides protection of data from unauthorized users. It will require user names and passwords to identify user type and their access safe in the operation including retrieval, insertion, updating and deletion.Enforcement of standardsThe integration of the database enforces the necessary standards including data formats, naming conventions, d ocumentation standards, update procedures and access rules.Economy of scaleCost savings can be obtained by combining all organizations operational data into one database with applications to work on one source of data.Balance of conflicting requirementsBy having a structural design in the database, the conflicts mingled with users or departments can be resolved. Decisions will be based on the base use of resources for the organization as a whole rather than for an individual person.Improved data accessibility and responsivenessBy having integration in the database approach, data accessing can cross departmental boundaries. This feature provides more functionality and better services to the users.Increased productivityThe database approach provides all the low-level file-handling routines. The provision of these functions allow the programmer to concentrate more on the specific functionality required by the users. The fourth-generation environs provided by the database can simplify the database application development.Improved maintenanceProvides data independence. As a change of data structure in the database will affect the application program, it simplifies database application maintenance.Increased concurrencyDatabase can manage concurrent data access effectively. It ensures no interference between users that would not result any loss of information or loss of integrity.Improved backing and reco rattling servicesModern database management system provides facilities to defame the amount of processing that can be broken following a failure by using the transaction approach.DisadvantagesComplexityA difficult software. all(prenominal) users must be familiar with its functionality and take full advantage of it. Therefore, training for the administrators, designers and users is required.SizeUses a substantial amount of main memory as tumefy as large amount of disk space in order to make it run efficiently.Cost of DBMSA multi-user database management system whitethorn be very expensive. Even after the installation, on that point is a high regular annual maintenance price on the software.Cost of conversionWhen moving from a file-base system to a database system, the company is required to run through additional expenses on hardware acquisition and training cost.PerformanceAs the database approach is to provide for some(prenominal) applications rather than exclusively for a particular one, some applications may not run as fast as before.Higher impact of a failureIncreases the vulnerability of the system due to the centralization. As all users and applications reply on the database availability, the failure of any component can bring operations to a halt and affect the services to the customer seriously.The difference between TFS and DBMSBalajee B. (2005), There are number of characteristics that differ from traditional file management system to database management system. In file system approach, each user go acrosss the required files for a specific application to run. (Example in a sales department of an cypherprise, one user will be maintaining the details of the number of sales personnel in that department and their grades. These details will be stored and kept up(p) in a separate file. Another user will maintain the salary details of these sales personnel and the detailed salary report will be stored and maintained in a separate file. Although both of the users need the data of the salespersons, they will be having their details in separate files and they need different programs to operate their files.) When such data is isolated in separate files, it is difficult to access data that should be available for both users. This will lead to wastage of space and redundancy or replication of data, which may lead to confusion, as sharing of data among various users is not possible and data unlikeness may occur. These files will not be having any inter-relationship among the data stored in these files. Ther efore in traditional file processing every user will be defining their own constraints and implement the files according to their needs.In database approach, a single store of data is maintained that is defined once and then accessed by many users, as database belongs to the entire organization and can be shared by all authorized users. The essential characteristic of database approach is that the database system not only contains data besides it contains complete definition or description of the database structure and control. These definitions are stored in a system compose, which contains the information about the structure and definitions of the database. The information stored in the catalog is called the metadata, it describes the primary database. Hence this approach will work on any type of database for example, insurance database, Airlines, banking database, Finance details, and Enterprise information database. But in traditional file processing system the application is developed for a specific purpose and they will access specific database only. But the processing speed in TFS is high compared to DBMS.The other main characteristic of the database is that it will allow multiple users to access the database at the same time and sharing of data is possible. The database must include concurrency control software to ensure that several users trying to update the same data at the same time, it should maintain in a controlled manner. In file system approach many programmers will be creating files over a long period and various files have different format, in various application languages, where duplication of data can occur.This redundancy in storing same data multiple times leads to higher costs and wastage of space. This may result in data inconsistency in the application this is because update is done to some of the files only and not all of the files. Moreover in database approach multiple views can be created orthogonal view User/Application view,C onceptual view Logical view,Internal view Details about the structure of data and physical storage of information. gull is a tailored representation of information contained in one or more tables. View is excessively called as Virtual table because view does not contain physically stored records and will not occupy any space.A multi-user database whose users have variety of applications must provide facilities for defining multiple views. In traditional file system, if any changes are made to the structure of the files it will affect all the programs. Therefore, changes to the structure of a file will require to change all programs that access the file and whereby data dependence will be lost. But in the case of database approach the structure of the database is stored separately in the system catalog from the access of the application programs. This property is known as program-data independence.Database can also be used for continuous storage for program endeavors and data str uctures that resulted in object oriented database approach. Traditional systems suffered from impedance mismatch problem and difficulty in accessing the data, which is avoided in object oriented database system. Database can be used to represent complex relationships among data as well as to retrieve and update related data easily and efficiently. Hence DBMS does not automatically remove redundancies, but support to control redundancy.It is possible to define and enforce integrity constraints for the data stored in the database. The database also provides facilities for recovering hardware and software failures, as it has automatic and smart backup and recovery procedures. It reduces the application development time considerably when compared to the file system approach and availability of up-to-date information of all the users. It also provides security to the data stored in the database system and maintains integrity.A highly technical person will be required to handle the data base, while for TFS, it is not so.File-based systems are very dependent upon the application programmer. Any required queries or reports have to be written by the application programmer. Normally, a fixed format query or report can only be entertained and no facility for ad-hoc queries if offered. DBMS has data independence. The way information is stored and the way information issued is independent of each other.File-based systems also give tremendous pressure on data processing staff, with users complaints on programs that are inadequate or inefficient in meeting their demands. credential may be limited and maintenance of the system is difficult. Provision for security, integrity and recovery capability is very limited. Whereas, DBMS has control over security as it provides tools such as use of User Code, Password / Privileges and Roles to ensure security of data.Data, Field, Record, and File are the main components of Database environment. Briefly explain those.DataWebopedia (An on., n.d.), Distinct pieces of information usually formatted in a special way. All software is divided into two general categories data and programs. Programs are collections of instructions for manipulating data. Data can personify in a variety of forms as numbers or text on pieces of paper, as bits and bytes stored in electronic memory, or as facts stored in a persons mind. Strictly speaking, data is the plural of datum, a single piece of information. In practice, however, people use data as both the singular and plural form of the word. The term data is often used to distinguish binary machine-readable information from textual human-readable information. For example, some applications make a distinction between data files (files that contain binary data) and text files (files that contain ASCII data). In database management systems, data files are the files that store the database information, whereas other files, such as index files and data dictionaries, store administrative information, known as metadata.FieldWebopedia (Anon., n.d.), A space allocated for a particular item of information. A tax form, for example, contains a number of fields one for your name, one for your Social Security number, one for your income, and so on. In database systems, fields are the smallest units of information you can access. In spreadsheets, fields are called cells.Most fields have certain attributes associated with them. For example, some fields are numeric whereas others are textual some are long, while others are short. In addition, every field has a name, called the field name.In database management systems, a field can be required, optional, or calculated. A required field is one in which you must enter data, while an optional field is one you may leave blank. A calculated field is one whose value is derived from some formula involving other fields. You do not enter data into a calculated field the system automatically determines the correct value.A collection of f ields is called a record.RecordWebopedia (Anon., n.d.), In database management systems, a complete set of information. Records are composed of fields, each of which contains one item of information. A set of records constitutes a file. For example, a personnel file might contain records that have three fields a name field, an address field, and a phone number field. In relational database management systems, records are called tuples. Some programming languages allow you to define a special data structure called a record. Generally, a record is a combination of other data objects. For example, a record might contain three integers, a floating-point number, and a character string. In database management systems, a complete set of information. Records are composed of fields, each of which contains one item of information. A set of records constitutes a file. For example, a personnel file might contain records that have three fields a name field, an address field, and a phone number f ield.Figure 1.2.1Source Author Anon.,FileWebopedia (Anon., n.d.), A collection of data or information that has a name, called the filename. Almost all information stored in a computer must be in a file. There are many different types of files data files, text files, program files, directory files, and so on. Different types of files store different types of information. For example, program files store programs, whereas text files store text.What is the Importance of DBMS in a apology Organization and in an Education Department?Defence OrganizationBenjamin (n.d.), A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and the use of the database with computers of an organization and its end users. It allows organizations to place control of organization-wide database development in the hands of database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists.As organizations develop with time, their guideion to the latest technologies in the computer field becomes a necessity. A Defence organization is no different. In these turbulent times, when national security is more important, providing all Defence personnel with access to the latest engineering science and education opportunities not only directly contributes to Defence capability but also improve the defence personnels career development.Hence the importance of a DBMS in such an organization like Defence is vital. Because Database administrators could use this system to configure and operate databases as the software provides high level, privileged database access. But the management should restrict use of this software to authorized personnel. One function of the database administrator is to create particular views of information stored in the database that are unique for each type of user. For example, one officer will have a different view of information in the database than another, say Senior officer. The different user groups will also have different abi lities to add, modify, or delete information. The database administrator is responsible for providing users with access to the appropriate level of information. The primary risk associated with database administration is that an administrator can fudge sensitive data without those modifications being detected.A secondary risk is that an administrator can change access safes to information stored within the database as well as their own access rights.Database security is the last line of defence. So it deserves greater focus on the protection of private data from both internal and external.The aesthesia and classification of the information stored in the database form the basis for establishing controls. A database that stores confidential information may require a more significant control environment than a database that stores non-sensitive information. Management should consider the security and performance implications of the security options available with modern database man agement systems.Database security professionals and information security and risk management professionals could adopt a security strategy in DBMS to1) Align database security policies with information security policies2) Ensure well-defined and formalized database security procedures3) Enforce aim separation and4) Apply advanced security measures such as database auditing, monitoring, database encryption, data masking, and vulnerability assessment to all critical databases that store private data.The DBMS can provide long-term benefits for the Defence organization reducing duplication of data and making it easier for HR to update personnel records. If not for DBMS, each time in that respect was a personnel change, trainers would have to go through their entire content to make the necessary changes. Now, replacing Brigadier Xs picture in the content library with Commodore Ys picture can be automatically replicated through all relevant programs. Thereby reduce its expenditure on s torage. But, initial training will be required for all programmers and users. Even though database systems are complex, difficult, and time-consuming to design, there is greater data integrity and independence from applications programs andEducation DepartmentSue Bushell (2004), To improve teaching and accomplishment with the admirer of modern information and communication technology eLearning is beneficial to education, corporations and to all types of learners. It is affordable, saves time, and produces measurable results.E- acquisition comprises all forms of electronically supported skill and teaching. The tuition and communication systems, whether networked or not, serve as specific media to implement the learning process.E-learning services have evolved since computers were first used in education. There is a apparent motion to move towards blended learning services, where computer-based activities are integrated with practical or classroom-based situations.E-learning is e ssentially the computer and network-enabled transfer of skills and knowledge. E-learning applications and processes include Web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual classroom opportunities and digital collaboration. essence is delivered via the Internet, intranet/extranet, audio or video tape, satellite TV, and CD-ROM. It can be self-paced or instructor-led and includes media in the form of text, image, animation, streaming video and audioThe definition of e-learning varies depending on the organization and how it is used but basically it involves electronic means of communication, education, and training.Regardless of the definition you chose to use, designers, developers, and implementers make or break the instructional courses and tools. E-learning is simply a medium for delivering learning and like any other medium, it has its advantages and disadvantages. E-learning covers a wide array of activities from supported learning, to blended or hybrid learning (the combin ation of traditional and e-learning practices), to learning that occurs one C% online.As per wikipedia.org, the worldwide e-learning industry is estimated to be worth over $48 billion US according to conservative estimates. Developments in internet and multimedia technologies are the basic enabler of e-learning, with consulting, content, technologies, services and support being identified as the five key sectors of the e-learning industry.E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. E-Learning pioneer Bernard Luskin argues that the E must be understood to have broad meaning if e-learning is to be effective. Luskin says that the e should be interpreted to mean exciting, energetic, enthusiastic, emotional, extended, excellent, and educational in addition to electronic that is a traditional national interpretation. This broader interpr etation allows for 21st century applications and brings learning and media psychology into the equation.E-Learning can also refer to educational web sites such as those offering learning scenarios, worksheets and interactive exercises for children. The term is also used extensively in the business sector where it generally refers to cost-effective online trainingThere are many advantages to online and computer-based learning when compared to traditional face-to-face courses and lectures. There are a few disadvantages as well.Advantages of eLearning(Anon., n.d) E-learning is beneficial to education, corporations and to all types of learners. It is affordable, saves time, and produces measurable results.Cost effectiveE-learning is more cost effective than traditional learning because less time and money is spent traveling. Since e-learning can be done in any geographic location and there are no travel expenses, this type of learning is much less costly than doing learning at a tradit ional institute.FlexibilityFlexibility is a major benefit of e-learning. E-learning has the advantage of taking class anytime anywhere. Education is available when and where it is needed. E-learning can be done at the office, at home, on the road, 24 hours a day, and seven days a week.Learnerslike e-learning because it accommodates different types of learning styles.They have the advantage of learning at their own pace. Students can also learn through a variety of activities that apply to many different learning styles. Learners can fit e-learning into their busy schedule. If they hold a job, they can participate in eLearning right at their desk. If the learner needs to do the learning at night, then this option is available while in their pajamas and do the learning if they desire.Personalized learningE-learning encourages students to peruse through information by using hyperlinks and sites on the worldwide Web.Learners are able to find information relevant to their personal situat ions and interest. E-learning allows selection oflearning materials that meet their level of knowledge, interest and what they need to know to perform more effectively in an activity.E-learning is more focused on the learner and it is more elicit for the learner because it is information that they want to learn. E-learning is flexible and can be customized to meet the individual needs of the learners.Develops knowledgeE-learning helps develop knowledge of the Internet. This knowledge will help learners throughout their careers. E-learning encourages students to take personal responsibility for their own learning. When learners keep an eye on, it builds self-knowledge and self-confidenceDisadvantages of eLearningAccessOne disadvantage of eLearning is that learners need to have access to a computer as well as the Internet. They also need to have computer skills with programs such as word processing, Internet browsers, and e-mail. Without these skills and software it is not possible for thelearner to succeed in eLearning.E-learners need to be very comfortable using a computer. Slow Internet connections or older computers may make accessing course materials difficult. This may cause the learners to get frustrated and give up.Software and filesAnother disadvantage of e-learning is managing computer files, software comfortability and learning new software, including e-learning. For learners with beginner-level computer skills it can sometimes have the appearance _or_ semblance complex to keep their computer files organized.The lesson points you to download a file which the learner does and later cannot find the file. The file is downloaded to the folder the computer automatically opens to rather than a folderchosen by the learner. This file may be lost or misplaced to the learner without good computer organizational skills.High wantE-learning also requires time to complete especially those with assignments and interactive collaborations. This means that students have to be highly motivated and responsible because all the work they do is on their own. Learners with low motivation or bad study habits may not complete modules and may fall behindIsolationAnother disadvantage of e-learning is that students may feel isolated and unsupported while learning. Instructions are not always available to help the learner so learners need to have topic to work independently without assistance. E-learners may also become bored with no interaction with instructors or classmates.Without the routine structures of a traditional class, students may get lost or confused about course activities and deadlines. Instructor may not always be available when students are studying or need helpConclusionToday many technologies can be, and are, used in e-learning, from blogs to collaborative software, E-Portfolios, and virtual classrooms. Most e-learning situations use combinations of these techniques.Even though the hardware and software start-up are costly, the advanta ges are reduced data redundancy, reducing updating errors and increased consistency, greater data integrity and independence from applications programs, improved data access to users through use of host and query languages, improved data security and availability of facilitated development of new application programs and ability for intensive research are the benefits of DBMS.Task 2Draw an Entity Relationship Data Model which describes the content and structure of the data held by the Medi Check Hospital.Produce the resulting tables of above Medi Check Hospital and clearly indicating the primary and foreign keys.Data TablesDoctorDoctorID (primary)LnameFnameAddressPhonePagerSpecialtyLocationAvailabilityPatientPatientNo (primary)PatientFirstNamePatientLastNamePatientAddressPatientTelNoPatientDobPatientMaritalStatusPatientDateRegisteredAppointmentAppointmentNo (primary)PatientNameDate/TimePatientTelNoSymptomSymptomCode (primary),SymptomName definitionTreatmentTreatmentTitle (primary)Tr eatmentTypeDurationStatusTreatmentCostMedicationMedicationNo (primary)MedicationTypeSideEffectDosageFrequencySeverityMedicationBrandNameMedicationManufactureNameMedicationManufactureAddressMedicationManufactureTelNormalize these tables to ensure that are all in BCNF. Show the steps you have taken in normalizing the tables.UNFMedication (DoctorID, Lname, Fname, Address, Phone, Pager, Specialty, Location,Availability, PatientNo, PatientFirstName, PatientLastName,PatientAddress, PatientTelNo, PatientDob, PatientMaritalStatus,PatientDateRegistered, AppoinmentNo, PatientName, Date/Time,PatientTelNo, SymptomCode, SymptomName, Description,TreatmentTitle, TreatmentTyp

Global Health and Issues in Disease Prevention

Global Health and Issues in Disease Pr yettionApplication The loses and Have Nots Why Are There Disparities?Bernard F. RichardsDescribe two health outcomes for which India and China have had different experiences in the last half century.It has long been an observation that socio-economic position finds health outcomes. Wilkinson and Pickett (2010) explain that the majority of health-related and affectionate problems that plague nations and even sub-populations in shock of appearance nations are largely influenced by societal inequities (p. 173). Essentially, societies than have greater levels of inequity unravel to have inferior health and well-disposed standings. This principle has been demonstrated by India and China which are nations with vast populations and shared influence from challenges brought on by globalisation and urbanization. However, growing societal inequities in India served as the basis for recent dissimilarity in health billet for citizens of said count ries.The difference in health positioning of both countries fuck be seen in several health outcomes. According to Dummera and Cook (2008), both China and India experience similar infectious and chronic illnesses, the point and prevalence of infectious maladies are significantly higher in India (p. 590). In India, the most common source of mortality is infectious and parasitic illnesses. Conversely, most deaths in China are secondary to chronic illnesses such as cancers. For every 1000 deaths in China, cancer is responsible for 119.7 of them. In India, this number lies at 71 out of every 1000 for cancers however, infectious causes of death lies at 420 out of every 1000 deaths (Dummera Cook, 2008, pp. 591-592).Chinese, both males and females, enjoy higher superior life presentiment at birth as compared to their Indian counterparts. In China, life expectancies for males and females in 2004 were 70.4 and 73.7 age respectively. On the other hand, that for Indian males and females was found to be male 63.3 and 64.8 years respectively. In general, China is found to be superior in almost all aspects of health-related demographics. China has better birth, mortality, fertility, and literacy place. Additionally, there are to a greater extent physicians and physical spaces within hospitals and other health facilities in China. This offers better service de subsistry and access to health services that are offered. These statistics suggests significant differences in policies and strategies to counteract sources of ill-health and brings to the fore the grandness of social equality in ensuring population health (Dummera Cook, 2008, p. 592).Explain the reasons for the disparities noted.As previously mentioned previously, infectious diseases account for the vast majority of deaths in India as compared to chronic diseases in China. The contrast becomes even more apparent as infectious illnesses are general considered diseases of poverty. Chronic illnesses, on the other hand, are dubbed diseases of affluence. One history for this disparity between both nations is the difference in societal development. India has undergo less development which serves as a catalyst for population vulnerability. People live in more unhealthy environments which have been proved to increase the risk of communicable illnesses. China has experienced greater positive development which has diminished levels of social and health-related vulnerability. Chinese people are essentially living longer which predisposes to chronic conditions related to lifestyle behaviors and increased life expectancy. Additionally, the Chinese authorities have compel strict limitations on reproduction and population growth (Dummera Cook, 2008, pp. 590-592) mixer division and inequality also accounts for health disparities in both countries. There is present in India a caste system called jati which is based on segregation, marginalization and social stratification. At the summit of the social hierarchy is the Brahmins class (Priests) followed by the Kshatriyas (Warriors and rulers), Vaisyas (skilled workers, merchants, minor officials), Sudras (unskilled workers), and shipwreck survivor (outcasts, untouchables) in descending order. Hearne (2014) explains that as we progress down the caste hierarchy, social inequity and discrimination increases. An individuals educational status, income and consequently health status are all dependent on the caste he is in. This system is culturally and historically entrenched in Indian way of life, society and even religion. This legal segregation and discrimination has resulted in members of the society put at increased health risks as they lack the socio-economic wherewithal to access health care and value themselves against the negative social determinants of health. Chinas people enjoy greater social equity which has been a major influence in decreasing health disparities in this territory.Describe the experience for those outcome s in Kerala and suggest reasons for why they are similar or different from the rest of India.The dynamic nature of health can be illustrated by Kerala which is a state in India. It is quite impressive to observe the wide disparity in this sub-population of India as compared to the country in general. Residents of Kerala experienced superior life expectancies when compared to the rest of the nation. Males and females in Kerala are expected to live for 71.67 years and 75.00 years respectively. In essence, Keralans live approximately 9 years more than the average Indian. Infant mortality rate is 68 per 1000 live births in the general Indian population while that for Kerala is 14 (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2014). Mukherjee et al. (2011) moreover explains that Kerala demonstrates higher educational and income levels as well as birth, mortality, fertility, and literacy rates when compared to other Indian states (p. 2). According to Dilip (2002), Kerala has higher morbidity b ut less mortality rates when compared to other states. This phenomenon is due to higher life expectancies and increasing levels of chronic illnesses. Communicable diseases however, are found to be less prevalent than chronic illnesses in this sub-population.The differences in health outcomes when comparing Kerala to other Indian states is largely due to lower levels of inequality in educational attainment, health and social standing in spite of lower income levels (Mukherjee et al., 2011, p. 2). Although the caste system is present within Kerala, social discrimination is less pervasive. Keralas robust communist movement and policies directed to promote eudaimonia has contributed. Greater social equity has resulted in greater access to health care and improved health statuses. This is evidence that removing social inequities has a positive influence on the social determinants of health. This lesson can undoubtedly benefit all nations as the world strives to achieve better health out comes for this generation and those to come.ReferencesDilip, T. R. (2002). Understanding levels of morbidity and hospitalization insurance in Kerala, India. Retrieved from http//www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?pid=S0042-96862002000900012script=sci_arttextDummera, T. J. B. Cook, I. G. (2008). Health in China and India A cross-country comparisonin a context of rapid globalization. Social Science Medicine, 67, 590605Hearne, T. (2014). Indias social justice minister says Christians do not deserve special caste. Retrieved from http//www.christiandaily.com/article/indias.social.justice.minister.says.christians.do.not.deserve.special.caste/49363.htmMinistry of Health and Family Welfare, India. (2014). Life expectancy and infant mortality rates for selected Indian states. Retrieved from http//infochangeindia.org/women/statistics/life-expectancy-and-infant-mortality-rates-for-selected-indian-states.htmlMukherjee, S., Haddad, S. Narayana, D. (2011). Social class related inequalities in househ oldhealth expenditure and economic burden Evidence from Kerala, south India. International Journal for Equity in Health, 10(1), 1-13.Wilkinson, R., Pickett, K. (2010). The notion level Why greater equality makes societies stronger. New York, NY Bloomsbury Press.

Amendments of Public Entertainments and Meetings Act (PMA)

Amendments of Public Entertainments and Meetings Act (PMA)To whom it may concern,As a dutiful Singaporean citizen who is deeply relate with the tidings of our topical anaesthetic frauds industry, I am writing in to exhort the Media Development Authority (MDA) to review the proposed amendments of the Public Entertainments and Meetings Act (PEMA) that was released on whitethorn 12th 2014. I also refer to Ms. Corrie Tans dodgeworkicle titled, Art of Censorship in Singapore (The Straits Times, 7 June 2014).I regard that the aforementioned proposition seeks to establish a co-regulatory p artistic creationnership with local art practitioners by empowering arts entertainment event organisers to classify their own performances whilst adhering to friendship standards and expectations (MDA, 2014a). Consequently, a peeled arts full term Licensing Scheme which mandates the obligatory training of individual artists from local art companies by the MDA as qualified content assessors for s elf-classification has been edict.Whilst the full ecumenic outlook of the said proposal may be easy meaning in nature as it confers a window peek to MDAs forward-looking shift toward the relegation of some of its authority over content classification to its relevant communities (The Straits Times, 10 June 2014), in this case, the arts to local art practitioners, a closer examination upon the various stratums underlying the scheme has left me exceedingly troubled as m either fundamental assumptions rooted in its conception, albeit seemingly kindly on paper, remains deeply problematic in both consecrate as well as in intuitive feeling.Accordingly, I note that the concepts of self-classification, co-regulation, and empowerment of the local arts industry as posited in the new scheme, falls on a highly erroneous continuum of prevarication as they have not been veritably demonstrated. The impression of self-classification suggests that local art practitioners are granted with an a utonomous, free-willed, and imperative role of contribution in the development and undertaking of the classification guidelines. Yet, much(prenominal)(prenominal) has been reflected otherwise in practice as the classification of art works remain subjugated to the prescribed criterions solely ordained by the MDA, without assembling any prior consultations or discussions with art practitioners (Arts Engage, 2014a). In addition, self-classification implies the absence of censoring wherein art works merely follow a catalogue of classification ratings and are never subjected to prohibition. However, the Not Allowed for Ratings category (MDA, 2014c) in other words, a euphemism for censorship runs contradictory to the idea of self-classification. It seems that this new scheme by MDA is but a reinstatement of the same old perilous template of censorship in Singapore where authorities are conceived as the unequivocal arbiters of tastes (McGuigan, 1996), rather than trusting artists to b e ethically, morally, or socially responsible, and that of my fellow Singaporeans capacity to judge an art work critically.Under the principles of classification published in the 2010 report by the Censorship Review Committee (CRC Report, 2010), it was stated that classification boundaries must be cross off according to community standards determined via an engagement process involving the regulator, community, and the industry. This suggests the presence of an open, transparent, and inclusive process of engagement amongst artists, authorities, and members of the public to determine the perimeters of classification as in in tandem with MDAs ideals of consultation and working closely with expertise and perspectives of a wide spectrum of society (MDA, 2014b) and the purported notion of co-regulation. However, this is not reflected in truth as the new Arts Term Licensing Scheme which edicts artists to be trained by the MDA as qualified content assessors is but a guise of the state p olicing the arts by placeholder as these content assessors are strictly tethered to executing MDAs rules. Instead of creating an ingenuous engagement mingled with art practitioners and the MDA where genuine partnership and overlap responsibilities may be fostered, artists are merely subjugated as extensions of MDAs censorships.This, I believe is not co-regulation, but a faade for self-censorship. More notably, such a move resembles that of a panopticon surveillance (Foucault, 1977) with MDAs pervasiveness at disciplining and normalizing artistic expression on both a macro and micro level by implanting seemingly innocuous content assessors within the heart of art companies so that whilst MDAs presence appears to be incognito on the surface, their regulations still remain execute with stringency. Not only is this highly inimical to ones artistic innovation and creativity (Arts Engage, 2014b), I believe that the fear of non-conformance would fester like an seductive wound that ult imately undermines the development of our arts industry, and on a grandeur scale, the growth of our society as a harmonious whole as it would not be instilled within my fellow Singaporeans recognize and acknowledge the varying nuances when it comes to the interpretation of art (Chee Meng, 2014). With such an intolerant perspective that fails to conceive art as an commencement exercise for constructive discourse, how then can our nation truly blossom into a Global City of the Arts as our leaders have envisioned?Furthermore, it was hold in the 2003 report of Censorship Review Committee that a one-size-fits-all paradigm of censorship is increasingly non-viable given the heterogeneous and ever-changing society of Singapore (CRC Report, 2003). Thus, it seems that this new approach by MDA is not only paradoxical, but terribly regressive. Additionally, whilst the MDA has stressed that the Arts Term Licensing Scheme is optional suggesting that artists have a choice in the matter, it appe ars that this is but a shrewd attempt by the authorities at veiling a false dichotomy to our art practitioners as they are fundamentally caught in between continuing the present regime where MDA issues all classifications and advisories, or that of a seemingly different system that is inherently the same as the precedent since content assessors are specially trained to heed MDAs specifications. As such, I question MDAs sincerity at co-regulation and all of its supposed ideals of openness, engagement, inclusiveness, and transparency. In line with the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore which delineates that every Singaporean citizen possess the rights of freedom of speech (Attorney Generals Chambers, 2010) in this case, the speech is expressed via the modus of art MDAs new scheme appears to be a flagrant violation of that democracy and with it, the concept of a public sphere (Habermas, 1964) where there an open quad that allows for the exploration of ideas free from overbea ring restrictions.If our nation is truly a democratic society, why then is the MDA imposing such harsh regulations of self-censorship upon our artists who simply yearns for art as a medium of expression, and that of mine, and my fellow Singaporeans freedom of choice in enjoying art in all its various forms? By limiting the creations of artists, allowing audiences to be only be granted access to what is deemed as appropriate content, and creating a rift of division between content assessors and their colleagues all in the designation of public good, is the MDA genuinely protecting social harmony, or is this simply a circumvented attempt at regulating a power relationship between us citizens and the state (McGuigan, 1996).In a similar vein, MDAs espoused notion of empowering art practitioners by according them the prerogative in deciding the classification of their art works remains highly contentious as in practice, artists are subjugated to the strict adherence of MDAs policing mec hanisms by proxy and wherefore, are renounced of any leeway to exercise their personal liberties. How then are our art practitioners empowered by the new scheme? Not only is this positioning of the Arts Term Licensing Scheme prevaricating to artists, it also misleads the general public into believing that the new scheme should be embraced unequivocally as it seemingly liberates our artists. As such, it seems that this assertion of empowerment is cryptograph but a surreptitious attempt by the MDA at egregiously eluding all of the said problems underlying self-censorship as the scheme constructs a delusory look resembling that of a pseudo-public sphere as postulated by Habermas (1964) where decisions seem to be personally dictated by artists (i.e. public) and are seemingly free lance of MDAs (i.e. authoritys) intrusiveness. It is thus, thwart to note that whilst the MDA advocates values of integrity (MDA, 2014b), such has been demonstrated otherwise in this case.More eminently, the schemes postulated idea that artists are to face harsh punishments including a $5,000 penalty for non-compliance to MDAs regulations simply nullifies any notions of co-regulatory partnership, empowerment, whilst invoking an undercurrent of fear that only aggrandizes self-censorship. This, I believe is tantamount to regulative censorship of retaliatory state sanction taking on the faade of constitutive censorship (Jansen, 1991) where it appears that our artists are merely self-regulating. With the encroachment of hefty penalties associated with misclassification, and MDAs lack of lucidness upon the assessment and appeal processes, what then is of MDAs assistant chief executive, Mr. Christopher Ngs claim that authorities would be reasonable and fair (Chee Meng, 2014) in the paygrade such a situation? Consequently, it also seems that this new scheme has evinced upon an underlying distrusts of art practitioners within our society as if artists are subversive individuals to be malignment away. This, in turn, has perpetuated a fabricated sense of dichotomy of artists versus community, where in truth, our artists and art practitioners are also fellow citizens, parents, heart landers, and are very much part of Singapore and our community at large (Arts Engage, 2014a) .Instead of creating an unnecessary chasm between artists, the general public, and the authorities, as reflected in the present paradigm where the MDA is seen to be the intermediator between disgruntled members of the public and a group of seemingly seditious artists that warrants to be subdued, it would be that much more purposeful for the growth of our nation, communities, and our hatful if we could see ourselves as a collective whole and reconcile our differences through an open, shared discourse, as opposed to mere coercion by proxy. Whilst I understand the imperativeness of MDAs advisories in aiding audiences to make better informed choices, it is equally important to underscore that such classifications should really be meant as a general caution, and that delving beyond that into micro-managing the entirety of an art work only serves to backfire as not only does it impugn upon artistic integrity and the true spirit of artistic endeavour (Arts Engage, 2014a), it ultimately renders our artistic practices bleak and sterile.Rather than imposing such stringent aseptic rules, we ought to be encouraging a greater arcdegree of sophistication and open-minded appreciation of the arts amongst the public such that it is imbued within our society the capacity to recognize that there is always more than a exclusive right way in which the arts may relate to us (Chee Meng, 2014). If we could devote our efforts into nurturing a greater pool of art critics be it in legal injury of adept professionals or greenhorn amateurs in lieu of content assessors, we would then be able to engage in a much more supple and meaningful discourse on the merits of our artistic output which I be lieve, would assist in establishing that much needed breadth of an open, receptive, and constructive dialogue between our artists and the MDA authorities, consequently forging an improved relationship of trust and respect that would be beneficent to all.Perhaps, a system of regulation that entails an open, consistent, and transparent process, in which discussions may be dictated bare for public critique, whose jurisdiction are composed of knowledgeable, publicly-informed, and impartial members principled upon an arms-length approach from any political interests, and whose decision-making processes are periodically subjected to review by an independent body, would better serve to inspire confidence not only from our artists, but within that of my fellow Singaporeans to both the MDA authorities and our local arts industry, as well as across governments (Arts Engage, 2014b). This, I strongly assert is one of the many fundamental steps that we must take together if the MDA genuinely se eks to foster a co-regulatory partnership that empowers our art practitioners and audiences alike.Indeed, the arts should be appreciated in all of its variegated diversity, fluidity, and sublime nuances that it is an inherent part and parcel of ones keen and emotional growth that cannot be merely subjugated or predetermined by those contending privileged tastes or moral claims. Once again, I sincerely beg the relevant MDA authorities reconsider the proposed amendments of PEMA 2014, and to engage with representative citizen bodies as well as artists in another round of consultations before officially implementing the new scheme.I look forward to hearing from you,Thank you.Yours sincerely,Karen Lim.

Child Abuse and Neglect Essay -- Violence Against Children

If she doesnt acknowledge what happened so how can you trust that she is going to be different in the future - Dr. Phil. I entrust that means that if your mom abuses you or hurts you any type of away and says nothing of it than you never know if it might happen in the future. But forgiveness goes on way with you life in question.My career pathway is law enforcement. Sooner or later I will have to deal with cases like these. tyke abuse cases is something really no law enforcement agent will want to deal with. Child abuse is physical, emotional, or sometimes god forbid sexual. No matter what field of law enforcement you can still run into a kid abuse case. Form DEA, CPS, investigators and forensics and so onChild occurs because of a disseminate of reasons. There is anger issues, to have something to vent and take all your anger out on. Also an unwanted/mistake kid so to show the youngster they arent wanted where they are at. To prove dominance, to show you are the ruler of them and their whole life. In law enforcement the steps to take in a possible child abuse case. First you observe the child and his environment. Look for visible injuries how he acts, body languages means a lot and speaks untold words. Then you take a report and gather up all you need to make a case. After you get all you need and it makes a good case you then send it over to CPS Physical abuse is causing any bodily harm that exceeds out side of the jurisdiction of legal penalisation. Legal punishment includes grounding, whupping with a belt or hand that goes from the small of the back to the back if the thigh, but it doesnt include whup with a extension cord or punching. delirious abuse is purposely hurting a child that doesnt have physical attacks.... ...ide.org/mental/child_abuse_physical_emotional_sexual_neglect.htm.Karkola, Kari, Kauppi Marika, Leena Anne, Juhani Merikanto, and Tuija Vanamo. Fatal child abuse a study of 13 cases of continuous abuse..http//web.b.ebscohost.com/. Mental Illness, 1 Oct 2012. Web. 12 Feb 2014. Kriel, Lomi. One of Houstons worst child-abuse cases tough to unravel.http//www.chron.com/. lomi.krielchron.com, 13 May 2012. Web. 12 Feb 2014. . Iannelli, M.D., Vincent. Child Abuse - Child Abuse Cases and Stories.http//pediatrics.about.com/. about.com, 07 Apr 2013. Web. 13 Feb 2014. . Child Abuse.kidshealth. Nemours, n.d. Web. 18 Feb 2014.

Essay --

No one comes home from war unchanged. But with early screening and competent access to counseling, the mental and neurological effects of combat are treatable. (Williamson & Mulhall). Deployments to war zones change service members and their families. Some of the changes are positive and some combat experiences evoke be traumatic and leave a long-lasting emotional wound. Exposure to traumatic combat and operational experiences affects service members and veterans spiritually, psychologically, biologically, and socially. Post-traumatic stress disturbance (PTSD), Traumatic sense Injury (TBI), and major depression are increasingly recognized and potentially preventable conditions. Certain factors, especially the severity of the trauma, obvious lack of social retain and disconnection have been associated with its development. A recent study found U.S. veteran suicide rates are as high as 5,000 a year. near 20 percentage of military service members who have returned from Iraq a nd Afghanistan, have reported symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder or major depression, yet solely slight more than half have sought out treatment, according to a new RAND Corporation study. In addition, researchers found about 19 percent of returning service members report that they experienced a possible traumatic brain injury while deployed. (Williamson & Mulhall) In military veterans and service members, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal thoughts are a problematic and common complete that has become closely linked to one another. If these illnesses are causing a mental issue with our military personnel, why are they less likely to seek out care? Many service members do not seek treatment for psychological illnesses bec... ...when it came to the topics that were being discussed, such as the injures they experience, the process and what the service members undergo in the home front that may be some potential triggers. The article is truly d etailed and it is a good recommendation for my fellow classmates to read, as it provides knowledge and awareness on this topic. Our military personnel and veteran clients remind us both day that extensive resources are needed to provide an equal playing field in the mental health care system, that we have much more to learn, and that the more we understand the illness in veterans and personnel, the more we can do to reduce their suffering. ReferencesWilliamson, V., & Mulhall, E. (n.d.). Invisible Wounds Psychological and Neurological Injuries Confront a New multiplication of Veterans. Retrieved from http//iava.org/files/IAVA_invisible_wounds_0.pdf