Araby by joyce free essay sample

Middle Easterner is a short mind boggling story by Joyce that I accept is his very own impression life as a kid growing up. The story centers around break and dream; about haziness, depression, and edification: and its consistent battle among standards and reality I trust Arab utilizes numerous topics; the two generally evident to me are departure and dream however I see indications of religion and a young men first love. Bedouin Is an endeavor by the kid to get away from the depressing murkiness of North Richmond Street. A repetitive subject of murkiness overhang Itself through the companion Manges sister who absently Is his first love.Arab Is tied in with getting away Into the universe of imagination. She Is the light In his dream, somebody who will lift him out of obscurity. The kid considers the to be at Arab as a chance to prevail upon her, as an approach to light the flame In her eyes. We will compose a custom paper test on Araby by joyce or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In any case, the kid Is increasingly clumsy at that point modest, and the lost for words to express. He Is driven by wants and battling with the absence of experience to get past the occasion. He fantasize about her, how bringing her a blessing from the bazaar will catch her heart.He has guaranteed her a blessing and he anguishes over his uncles late get back and his distraction. In any case, he is determined and gets a vacant train to the real world. The youngster at the stall overlooks him while she plays with the men. At the point when she at last methodologies, he freezes in gaze, by his cumbersomeness. As the lady dismisses and strolls, he understands the chance of making his companions sister through blessing has sneaked away. At long last, anguish consumes in his eyes as the virus grasp of reality grabs hold of him as he bumbles with the coins in his pocket.

Organizational Behavior and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hierarchical Behavior and Leadership - Essay Example National profitability, expanding authoritative viability, lessening representative truancy, and expanding work fulfillment among the representatives of an organization. At the point when a worker joins another association, the individual brings to the association another and special arrangement of individual foundation and qualities from different associations (Griffin and Moorhead 2010, p. 3). The supervisor of that association must have the option to perceive the one of a kind point of view of the new representative so as to deal with a superior working relationship with that worker. This comprehension of representative practices so as to improve hierarchical viability is known as authoritative conduct. The fundamental motivation behind the investigation of hierarchical practices is to apply standards to expand the authoritative adequacy by inspecting the individual effect and to acquire required enhancements the authoritative structure. Execution of the fundamental standards is c ritical to acquire a positive change the authoritative structure. The board of the organization should be completely mindful of the fundamental objectives and targets of the organization so as to execute the standards behind any hierarchical conduct. A portion of the primary destinations for the use of standards incorporate comprehension the employees’ nature, understanding the hierarchical culture, creating compelling pioneers, growing great groups, and expanding the efficiency (Stevens 2007). Considering authoritative conduct is critical for the troughs for expanding efficiency of any organization or association (Miner 2007). The investigations not just makes a worker know his significance in the association as a representative yet additionally causes him grow great attributes and practices required to advance in the expert profession. In the event that we talk about global associations, we can say that such associations have unmistakable hierarchical qualities that give a one of a kind setting to authoritative practices.

Blog Archive MBA News A Philosophical Side to Business School

Blog Archive MBA News A Philosophical Side to Business School Increasingly, business education seems to be embracing a bigger picture. Alongside other discussion this week surrounding the merits of teaching Plato to plumbers, an article in the  Wall Street Journal asks whether philosophy and abstract thinking may hold relevance to MBAs. The London Business School’s new “Nobel Thinking” elective, for example, invites business students to study the origins of revolutionary economic theories developed by Nobel Prize winners. At the University of San Diego’s School of Business Administration, students are supplementing case studies with anthropological insights. In a similar spirit, the Copenhagen Business School plans to grow its master of science in business administration and philosophy program to attract more international students. This emphasis on studying ideas beyond the traditional realm of business not only allows future business leaders to draw on more varied theoretical perspectives, but also offers them a unique opportunity to ask important critical questions. “Courses like ‘Why Capitalism?’ and ‘Thinking about Thinking,’ and readings by Marx and Kant, give students a break from Excel spreadsheets and push them to ponder business in a broader context,” explains the WSJ article, adding, “Expect more abstract ideas in business schools soon.” Share ThisTweet News

Gender Roles in the Media Essay - 3973 Words

From the moment they are born and wrapped in a pink or blue blanket, a childs gender is unmistakable. From this point on, they will continuously be bombarded with the socialization into their gender by many sources. One of the main sources of this socialization is media, more specifically television. The purpose of this paper is to describe gender roles and stereotypes, and to take a closer look at how the medias representation and portrayal of males and females affects children. Gender differences are the sets of attributes socially and culturally constructed on the basis of birth assignment as male or female (Creedon, 1993, p.5). When a baby is born and wrapped in a colored blanket based on their gender, one of the first†¦show more content†¦They are also more often portrayed in employment than females, and more males are shown in higher status occupations than females (Durkin, 1985, p.26). For female viewers, especially young females, this depiction of women as low ranking in society can be detrimental to their self-esteem, and can also lead females to be more self-critical. This idea is one that is easily understood when thought about through the perspective of Cultivation Theory. For girls growing up, the only role models they have, initially, are their mothers. As they become older and are exposed to media on a more regular basis, they begin to develop associations with the characters on TV. Girls, more so than boys, begin to base their ideas of who they want to be according to the characteristics of their role models. Because the character roles shown on television are so stereotypical according to gender, too much exposure to media can be dangerous for children. Research suggests that heavy television viewing contributes to sex-role development and/or reinforcement among youth (Craig, 1992, p. 112). This is because, as girls and boys watch television, they begin to believe that the characters they view are based on real life, as Cultivation Theory predicts. Children, especially young children, begin to gain their life experiences through the television instead of experiencing lifes lessonsShow MoreRelatedGender Roles And The Media867 Words   |  4 Pagessee women in the media have many roles that men have, such as, police officer, doctor and running to become president, while a nurse and teacher have emerged as both men and women jobs. Over time, the media show how gender role had changed but are what the media is showing the truth about the gender roles in the United States. Historian and scholar had written about this subject of gender roles and how the media affect our view. Thesis statement Reality vs. Fiction Is the media giving the publicRead MoreMedia Representation of Gender Roles1954 Words   |  8 PagesHistorically, social and feminist scholars have focused on media representations of gender roles and how they affect the lived experiences of women (Green, 2013; Soulliere, 2006). Gender is widely considered to be a cultural rather than strictly biological creation, and it is often constructed and represented through popular culture media such as advertisements, magazines, and television (Soulliere, 2006). While women have made great strides in expanding the culturally acceptable definition of femininityRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Gender Roles1963 Words   |  8 Pages Media is definitely one of the most powerful forms of agency for social control. Yet, words alone are exceptionally powerful as well. Media consists of television, radio, internet, books, and so on. Commercials, for example, are a strong field of influence. When creating a certain messag e, commercials are able to manipulate people’s attitudes, beliefs and opinions, whether negatively or positively. Persuasion in the media is influential and it does not affect only adults, but children as wellRead MoreThe Importance Of Media And Gender Roles2009 Words   |  9 PagesMedia comes in all forms and so do gender roles and representations. The question I asked was: What are gender roles? My more specific question was: How do TV shows pander to their audience? I was interested in this question because I am in a fandom whose TV show is meant for a younger and female audience but has amassed a large audience whose main features are that they’re largely teen and adult males with some female adults. The biggest part of this fandom is the whole â€Å"love and tolerate† idealRead MoreMedia s Influence On Gender And Gender Roles Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagesis surrounded by media. Media plays an enormous role in affecting the way we perceive gender and gen der roles. Media as well as communications are known to be the key elements of how people live their life in the modern age. The media can be a very inviting place, since it has so many things inside of it that appeals to people worldwide. At the same time, the media can be a cruel, judging and corrupt area that can be scary to involve yourself with. That being said, the mass media has had its historyRead MoreThe Media And Society Influence On Gender Roles1116 Words   |  5 Pagesterms of the social world in which you live. The media and societies influence on gender roles Introduction Gender stereotypes are everywhere. ‘Both masculinities and femininities come into existence at specific times and places and are always subject to change.’ (Connell, 1995: 185 cited in Wharton, 2012: 6). The term gender is a ‘doing’ word. It is a constant, active process. A role, is the expected behaviour which is associated with a status. Roles are performed according to social norms, sharedRead MoreGender Roles Today s Media867 Words   |  4 Pagesyou’, and the biggest one for me was don’t burp in public. It is these standards that shape our societies view on how a woman should act and vice versa for men. Society aides the conformity of gender roles through role models, toys, and even media. To exhibit some gender roles in today’s media there are two gender specific commercials to demonstrate masculinity and femininity. In 2011, Miller Lite, aired a commercial belittling a man about his masculinity in order to advocate Miller Lite th at it is theRead MoreWomen s Media And Gender Roles1492 Words   |  6 Pagesin society through the media. Mass media are a reflection of society informed by particular power and values (Stirinati, 2006). Although the representation of women is not a copy of reality, mass media act as image and message,’ should be’ a reflection or representation of society (Hollows, 2000). This contributes to condemn gender role in the media and in real society, which leads women to be annihilated and limited in the media. In 1978, Gaye Tuchman called women’s in media situation ‘symbolic annihilation’Read MoreGender Roles : The Media And The Ideology Of Men891 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing masked under a scheming interpretation placed by the media. The media and the ideology of men plays a dominant role in setting expectations and standards that a woman shouldn’t be responsible to hold. In â€Å"Mixed Messages†, the relevance of gender roles are displa yed through categorizations that the media uses to depict the different and many roles that a women must hold under the oppression of men as an object to society. Current media does not openly express the continuous oppression of womenRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Gender Roles1042 Words   |  5 PagesThe media is a well-known, influential aspect on gender roles that broadcast negative messages to society through television by the images that are mainstreamed, which has an effect on people’s thinking process. Television brainwashes both men and women to believe they are not perfect, unless they have the body image of a celebrity. Though it is just a fantasy and not reality, â€Å"81% of 10 year girls are afraid of being fat, half of those girls believe they feel better about themselves when they were

Business Associate, Engineering, Computer Science, and Education Graduates Currently in Highest Demand 2019

Part of choosing a college major involves considering future employment prospects. A recent survey is giving students inside information into the current job market. Based on the responses of over 1,000 students from more than 200 colleges and universities, employers most often hire graduates with the following top 4 majors: 1. Business Associate Degrees Business degrees refers to graduates of accounting programs, finance programs, and marketing programs. Popular universities where students are pursuing business associate degrees include: Westwood College. Bellevue University. ITT Technical Institute. Lincoln College Online. Saint Leo University. 2. Engineering Degrees The largest engineering specialties are mechanical engineering and civil engineering. Major engineering colleges are Warren National University and Westwood College. 3. Computer Science/MIS Degrees Computer science and MIS (management of information systems) majors were one of the largest groups of graduates hired in 2017. Top schools for computer degree programs include: Westwood College. Bellevue University. ITT Technical Institute. Lincoln College Online. Saint Leo University. .u2d5864b1db839b23a0abb0bcb2beca9d { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u2d5864b1db839b23a0abb0bcb2beca9d:active, .u2d5864b1db839b23a0abb0bcb2beca9d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u2d5864b1db839b23a0abb0bcb2beca9d { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u2d5864b1db839b23a0abb0bcb2beca9d .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u2d5864b1db839b23a0abb0bcb2beca9d .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u2d5864b1db839b23a0abb0bcb2beca9d:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Health Care Consulting - A Growing Demand4. Education Degrees Associate, bachelor, and graduate education degrees were also in high demand in 2017. Education alumni are graduating from schools like: Kaplan University. Jones International University. Ashford University. For more information about choosing a college major, prospective students are encouraged to visit College-Pages.com, the leading education and career resource website. Students can search for degrees based on major of interest and school of choice. To request more information from any school listed above, simply click on the school and submit the information request form. Related ArticlesHow to Find a Quality Online Computer Science SchoolOnline Computer Science Courses Offer Multiple SpecialtiesEducation in the Computer Science FieldThe Relationship Beteween Computer Science and EngineeringSchools, Colleges, and Institutes of TechnologyStudying Computer Science Through Distance Learning

Comparison Between England And Pakistan - 2000 Words

I think these few sentences give a great contrast between England and Pakistan. In england like America, our ‘gender roles’ are much more fluid and grey like our society. It’s expected that a man should cook for his wife so that she doesn’t have to work and come home to cook, and also expected for the women to do the same. Not only that but also grocery shopping itself, must have been a culture shock for them. It mentions later on in the book that they were a poor family, and while they probably were able to buy some foods it wouldn’t compare to the alleys of boxed and canned foods that have become part of our culture. Things like the super market, we’ve grown to not really think about what our lives would be like without it, while they had to grow accustomed to it. While my previous statement was about how different their nation is from Western civilization, it is with these few words I’ve come to think otherwise. That is not to say that they are not different, but they also have some similarities that we may not think of. Just as people in our culture love to go out with a crumpled twenty into the streams of stores, fondling the paper as they decide where to spend it, people in Swat may not be so different. It’s just not a shopping center now, but a bazaar. But once again it is still different and once again so similar. Malala talks about how her father would come to her mother for advice, and be looked on as weak. At first glance, this seems odd. Isn’t thatShow MoreRelatedA Comparison of Two Poems Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan by Moniza Alvi and Search for my Tongue by Sujata Bhatt734 Words   |  3 PagesA Comparison of Two Poems Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan by Moniza Alvi and Search for my Tongue by S ujata Bhatt In this essay, I will be showing you how the writers use their own poetic devices within their work to their advantage and how the poets have used different themes to overcome in their own poems. To begin this essay, I will be presenting to you how Alvi and Bhatt have used different viewpoints within their poems to put across their message to the readerRead More Compare how Nichols and Alvi explore the issue of identity in Hurricane1101 Words   |  5 PagesCompare how Nichols and Alvi explore the issue of identity in Hurricane Hits England and Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan In this essay I aim to compare the two poems Compare how Nichols and Alvi explore the issue of identity in â€Å"Hurricane Hits England† and â€Å"Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan† In this essay I aim to compare the two poems â€Å"Hurricane Hits England† by Grace Nichols and â€Å"Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan† by Moniza Alvi. I aim to analyse the language and structure shape of different Read MoreEducational System of Uk and Pakistan5961 Words   |  24 PagesBulletin of Education Research December 2007, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 43-57 Education System of Pakistan and the UK: Comparisons in Context to Inter-provincial and Inter-countries Reflections Muhammad Saeed* Abstract This paper addresses the comparisons of the education system of Pakistan and the UK from six dimensions i.e. education and training authority, educational structure, curriculum formulation, assessment and evaluation, supervision and management, and teacher education and trainingRead MorePostmenopausal Women With Hip Fractures1035 Words   |  5 Pagesreplacement. â€Å"805 postmenopausal women, scheduled for joint replacement were identified by daily monitoring of orthopedic admissions between January 1995 and June 1998, including 262 women admitted to Brigham and Women’s Hospital with acute hip fracture and 543 women scheduled for elective joint replacement either at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital or the New England Baptist Hospital in Boston, Mass. Postmenopausal women who experienced either natural or surgical menopause with amenorrhea for 12 monthsRead MoreThe Cultural Dimensions Of Pakistan1967 Words   |  8 Pagesthough my Pakistani culture is immediate based on ethic background, I do find myself being a mix between the Pakistani culture and the British culture, both of which are very important to me and have influenced my thinking in varied ways. Pakistan can be seen as a very collectivist society, scoring a low score of 14 on individualism on Geert Hofstede’s culture comparison chart (Hofstede, Country Comp arison, 2016) therefore proving it, as it is communal and joint and there is a sense of commitment andRead More The People in Night of the Scorpion and My Aunt in Pakistan Essay1948 Words   |  8 PagesNight of the Scorpion and My Aunt in Pakistan Compare the way in which the poet presents the people in Night of the Scorpion and Presents from my Aunt in Pakistan. We live in a world of many cultures and each has it is own way of communicating and two very different poems reflect this. In order to compare and contrast the traditions which have become apparent within the poems; ‘Night of the Scorpion’ by Nissim Ezekiel and ‘Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan’ by Moniza Alvi, further analysisRead MoreStudy Plan Pakistan Studies2636 Words   |  11 PagesPrepared by: Altaf Ahmed Sheikh - CSS - 2011 Altafsheikh1988@gmail.com Composed by: Redmax! PAKISTAN AFFAIRS STUDY PLAN Study Area – I: Evolution of Muslim Society in the Sub-Continent 2007 – Critically evaluate the contribution made by missionaries in the growth of Muslim society in the Sub-continent of Indo-Pak. 2006 – Describe the most notable feature of Muslims in India in the light of their monotheistic religion and egalitarian social structure. 2005 – Summarize the political scene of the subRead MoreAn Unknown Girl by Moniza Alvi1883 Words   |  7 Pagesspeaker’s identity is split between East and West. The poem itself is centered in the middle of the page. From what the reader knows of Moniza Alvi, they can deduce that the centering of the poem is symbolic of her own division between the Pakistani and Eastern aspects of her identity, and its more pronounced English and Western aspects. The poem is evenly placed between the two sides of the page, just as the speaker’s identity is divided between Indian and Pakistan, and England. Additionally, the speakerRead MorePolycentric, Ethnocentric, and Geocentric Approach to International Management1345 Words   |  6 Pages  1. (Chapter 2) What is the difference between a polycentric, ethnocentric, and geocentric approach to international management? What key factors should a firm consider before adopting one of these approaches?    Polycentric approach to international management is the policy involved hiring and promoting employees who are citizens of the country that host and operates the company. The polycentric approach is best used in order to maintain low hiring costs. Communication is easier and companiesRead MoreOutline Of A Program On Immunization3109 Words   |  13 Pagesimmune to an infectious disease by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines typically stimulate the body’s immune system to guard against subsequent infections in the person. Immunisation is a proven, cost effective, process that is estimated to save between 2 to 3 million lives annually (WHO 2015) In May 1974 the expanded program on immunization (EPI) was launched by the world health assembly (as it was then known) to improve on the successful reduction of small pox infections around the world (WHO 2014)

Culture and Organization Leadership and Employee

Question: Discuss about the Culture and Organization for Leadership and Employee. Answer: Introduction Virgin Atlantic is one of the leading international airline companies in the world. It is a British corporation that falls under the Virgin Group of companies whose founder is the business tycoon Richard Branson (Schein 2012).Virgin Atlantic was established in the early 1980s as a result of the meeting discussion between Richard Branson and Randolph Fields, whose objective was to create an airline that would operate between the United Kingdom and the United States. Popularly known at that time as one of the prominent personalities in the rock and pop music, Richard Branson vision as leader was to create an opportunity of diversifying his business career(Abdi Sharma 2011). His cultural beliefs, coupled with enthusiasm and characteristic energy guided this business mogul to establish and inaugurate the Virgin Atlantic first flight in 1984. In the early 1980s, the top priority in the airline industry was transportation services and not quality customer services. When Virgin Atlantic ent ered into the aviation sector in 1984, it based its services on satisfying the diverse needs of its clients and therefore, it developed strategies aimed at providing quality services to airline travelers at relatively low costs. Based in Heathrow and Gatwick airports in London, the company operates its flights from Heathrow to New York, Tokyo, Hong Kong, San Francisco, Miami, Boston, Los Angeles, Delhi, Cape Town, and Johannesburg. Moreover, Virgin Atlantic operates its flights from Gatwick to other major cities across the globe such as St. Lucia, Orlando, Barbados, Grenada, Port Harcourt, Las Vegas and Antigua. The company also plans to create other new airline routes in other countries including Cuba and Nigeria. The company has pioneered some innovations in the aviation industry and setting new standards of customer services, which have given it a competitive advantage in this competitive business sector (Russ 2011). This report will particularly evaluate the impact of leadership style (Robert Bransons style) on company culture (Virginia Atlantic) and explain how he played a role in changing the culture and bring innovation. Outline of the theoretical framework selected The theoretical framework chosen for the discussion of the impact of leadership style on organization culture is GLOBE. The term GLOBE is an acronym for Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness. GLOBE project is a study which was conducted by Robert House in 1991(Herbane 2011). This theoretical framework is utilized in the study of the relationship between the societal culture and leadership in a particular business organization using multi-method and multiphase research projects. Hence, the components of the GLOBE framework are relevant to the purpose of the report. This theatrical framework is divided into two main categories which include the cultural dimensions of global leadership and culturally endorsed implicit leadership. The GLOBE framework identified nine dimensions based on which the companies culture depends which are as follows: Uncertainty avoidance- This dimension emphasizes on approaches that the organization utilizes to avoid the unpredictable event that can have a negative impact on its operations (Zhang Bartol 2011). The organizations whose corporate culture is based on uncertainty avoidance always strive to minimize the chances of the occurrences of the unpredictable events such as natural catastrophes such as Hurricane, Tsunami, accident, and outbreak of contiguous diseases. Apart from natural disaster, other unforeseen uncertainties that most of the organizations try to avoid are terrorism, political instability, and global economic crisis (Hartnell, Ou Kinicki 2011). The aviation industry has experienced such challenges which have negatively affected some the aviation industries. For instance, the September 9 terrorist attack in the United States attack leads the crush of o passenger airplanes that lead to the destruction of properties and loss of many lives. Also, the outbreak of Ebola in some A frican countries forced most of the airline companies to suspend some of its airline travels in the affected countries in response to the international airline management body directives. The objective of suspension of airways travels in these countries was a strategy of prevention of the spread of the Ebola virus in another country (Hickson Owen 2015). These incidences led to the financial loss most of the companies in the aviation industry due to the reduction in the number passengers within this particular period. The Virgin Atlantic company has gained some lessons from such experiences and has developed strategies to address such challenges so as to avoid adverse economic crisis that can affect its operations. For instance, the company partners with security and intelligence agencies of various countries, to get crucial information of the security status in the countries in which it operates to avoid potential terrorist attacks(Herbane 2011). Assertiveness- This global leadership dimension is concerned with organizational cultures in which the members of a particular business enterprise experience insistent and aggressive relationships. This category of GLD has split assertiveness into two forms; high and low assertiveness. High assertiveness refers to the ability of the members of the organization to air out their feelings and perceptions towards a particular issue without fear. Individuals with high assertiveness can differ with other another while focusing on such traits as likeability and problem-solving skills (Bell Kozlowski 2012). Citizens from countries such as Singapore, Germany, and China are considered to be of high assertiveness. On the other Koreans, Russians and Brazilians are of low assertiveness. Institutional collectivism- It encourages collective allocation of resources in the organization. Institutional collectivism also lays emphasis on the importance of teamwork in realization of attainment of the goals of the organization. All the departments of the organization work together as a team to ensure that all the operations of the company run smoothly will minimal interruptions and disruptions (Lunenburg 2011). Group collectivism- It concerns with the level of how members of the business organization show superiority and faithfulness to the management. An individual with high in-group collectivism displays high levels of cohesiveness, cooperation, and commitment to the organization. Such people have high levels of job satisfaction and job retention thus they contribute to reduced turnover rates in the company(Alvesson Sveningsson 2015). Future orientation- It is concerned with the extent to which the members of the organization can engage in oriented functions such planning, capitalizing and planning for the future events. The organizations which are future-oriented focus on planning as well as preparing for unpredictable future events. The company develops long-term strategic plans that help them to address the unexpected future challenges and thus avoiding unprecedented losses. Power distance- It focuses on the degree to which the participants of a particulate company acknowledge that the leadership power needs to be distributed equally within the organization. This aspect of GLD leads to the formulation of leadership style that is applied in the administration of a particular organization (Laeequddin 2011). Performance orientation- It is the approach by which performance improvement and excellence is used by means of rewards and other forms of encouragement in society. High performance oriented societies have characteristics of value training, explicit communication and regard formal feedback as very important, whereas the low oriented societies value family relationship and harmony within the environment (Diehl et al. 2014). Gender differentiation- Gender difference is defined as the role of gender differentiation and preference in societal development and goal achievement. Humane orientation- It is related to the degree to which a society rewards individual for being fair and altruistic. Rational for choosing the framework The rationale for choosing the GLOBE theory for this essay is that the researchers for this theory based their study in a wide geographical area and involved many business companies. Therefore, this theory is very relevant to the Virgin Atlantic because it is a multinational corporation handling clients from diverse cultural backgrounds across the globe. Other theories that explain organizational culture include Hofstedes theory and Scheins model. These theories have not been selected for the study because only explains the cultural components of the organization without shading light on the leadership aspect of the organization, whereas the central focus of this essay is to evaluate the impact of leadership style on organizational culture. Hence, Hofstedes model gives little idea about the critical role of Virgin Atlantics leader in building effective organizational culture and achieving organizational goals. On the other hand, Scheins model is not relevant to the Virgin Atlantic be cause it only explains the cultural dimension of the organizations according to strategic goals and philosophies and not according to leadership style. Hence this model is not relevant for the topic content of this essay. Discussion of central topic Richard Branson, the CEO of Virgin Atlantic had a very dynamic leadership style and he is highly renowned for the success of his bran, Virgin. His brand Virgin, covered a variety of business starting from airlines to bridal wear, mobiles phones, pension plans and music. His varied business indicates he became stronger with diversification in business. According to GLOBEs findings, leader effectiveness lies in the societal as well as the organizational context. Hence according to country and society context, the impact of Richard Bransons leadership style can be evaluated according to the GLOBEs nine cultural dimension. It will help to discover his values, beliefs and practices in the creation organization culture (Chhokar et al. 2013). GLOBEs study mainly gave six leadership styles across cultures and the leadership style of Richard Branson will be evaluated according to the nine dimension analysis. Richard Branson had a charismatic and transformational style of leadership. The description of work culture of Virgin Atlantic Company will reveal the influence of Richard Branson behind this culture. The organizational culture of a particular business organization provides a roadmap for the employees, managers and other stakeholders towards the realization of the set goals. It reflects the beliefs and values of a leader in the organization (Hogan Coote, 2014). The vision and mission statement of this British airline corporation reflects its organizational culture and leadership behavior. The aim or Richard Branson was to provide a seamless experience to its clients from booking to disembarking at their respective destinations. Therefore, to achieve this goal, he tried to understand the dynamic needs of the travelers. Another aim of Richard Branson was to provide world class quality innovative services at a fair value for money for the customers from all market segments. He enabled the key stakeholders to enjoy the value of their investments and be more willing to invest and expand the operations of the organizations worldwide. He had put in place strategies that will help it to expand and improve the quality services they offer to the clients. Such strategies include the expansion of the current airline route establishment new routes in the other parties of the world that have not the company has not yet explored (Researchkorner.blogspot.in 2017). One of the reasons for success of Virgin group is that its leader Richard Branson had a clear vision of the brand, its culture and the core mission. As stated by Branson, he regards Virgin as a fun and adventurous brand which offers great value as well as quality. He wanted every employee to at the same page with the brand and follows the same direction. It was also necessary to eliminate any risk in the organization. He also wanted innovative thoughts and ideas for the brand (Urso 2017). Hence this action of Richard Branson reveals the high uncertainty avoidance attribute of the company. Any form of innovation is associated with unpredictable risk and they were prepared for taking this challenge. Therefore, he had performance oriented leadership style and he wished to inspire people around a vision (House et al. 2013). The culture created by Richard Branson also depicts humane orientation that is encouraging altruistic and fair practice at the organization. Branson spends maximum part of his time on non-profit ventures and he is committed to giving through their company. For example the Virgin Mobile Free Fest is held every year in Columbia and the company focus on donations and charitable works. The leader was also focused on safety issues. Airline companies such as Virgin Atlantic are considered as a source of national pride and often take a critical position in regarding a countrys income and employment opportunities. In this regard, the management of this company works around the clock to ensure that the safety of the passengers is given priority. Fatal injuries and deaths arising from flight accidents can adversely affect the brand image and the operations of the organization and therefore, the leader takes safety as the central focus of its activities (Lunenburg 2011). Richard Branson is of the idea that Virgin Atlantic is not simply a group of people, it is a representative of desired goals. He gave an institutional collectivism culture by his motivating style of leadership. In order to get the best out of his people, he tried to become a great listener as well as great motivator. He appreciated the efforts of best people and gave chance to employees to flourish in their role. Hence, the institutional collectivism dimension at Virgin Atlantic was about collective action to provide not just a company to employees but also a lifestyle. Richard Bransons power to motivate employees by his unconventional attitude also led to the rise in individual collectivism work culture. This was also possible also because Branson was clear about what he exactly wanted and he instilled the core vision in all of them who were connected with the organization. He did many meaningful things that motivates employees as well as audience to build their relationship with br and (Urso 2017). Richard displayed the desired assertiveness and aggressiveness required by a brand to grow and prosper. One of his greatest business attribute was that he projected Virgin as a cool brand. Monet is not a measure of success for him, the excitement that the work offers is. Hence, the staffs of virgin do not have competitive salaries but they enjoy being a part of Virgin. Richard wanted to retain employees by the work culture and not by the power of money which other organizations normally do. He was successful in providing a work culture where everyone was proud to be part of the team. He himself had the belief that business should be fun and the desire to win should be necessary. Therefore his adventurous spirits was infectious and he inspired the staffs to deliver their best. The excitement and challenges in the job kept the employees happy and competitive. It also reflected in the sales and profit margin of Virgin (Abubakar 2016). Virgin Atlantic had adhocracy culture meaning its business was driven by innovation and such organization is comfortable even during drastic change period. The innovation was possible because Richard gave the staffs the flexibility required to adapt to new ideas without any hassle. Richard was responsible for giving an organizational culture which was now renowned as the counter cultural enterprise. It had low power distance which means the culture was not dominated by unequal power distribution, everyone was recognized for their role in the company. Richard Branson encouraged feedback from employees all level (Azar Brock 2010). The culture is an example of the ripple effect theory where culture is at the top and the main actions are reinforced by the leader (Ivanov et al. 2014). They have an informal culture were not just the leader but the employee was also accountable for the well-being of the company. This successful culture was built by Richard Branson by means of his entrepren eurial skills and tactical directions (Abubakar 2016). Gender inequality is low in Virgin Atlantic and all were given the option to give their best performance irrespective of gender or job position. Richard Branson had a transformation style of leadership and he paid least emphasis on hierarchy within companies. His adventurous personality reflects in Virgins brand image and organizations culture. He exercised his leadership style in various managements levels within Virgin Atlantic and empowered everyone to contribute towards the goals of the company (Dudovskiy 2017). Performance orientation is highly seen in Virgin Atlantic. The leader was focused in hiring the right people in the job so that they contribute corporate performance. The culture was developed according to constructivist ideology and product, service and style was given by the employees. Richard gave many liberty to employees which helped in increasing the employees loyalty towards the organization. His little attention to hierarchy in the company reveals his participative leadership style. The main components of his leadership style was individual staff consideration, idealized motivation and intellectual stimulation which helped to bring the desired innovation as required according to industry demands. Virgin had an open culture with friendly staffs and this provided encouraging work environment to employees. They always had a high morale and this contributed to success (Abubakar 2016). Richard Branson believed in reputational branding rather than traditional branding which highly reflect future orientation. He gave consumers innovation, reliability , value for money and adventure at work. With the focus on future, he planned many wise marketing strategies such as generating free media instead of focusing on the conventional promotion style. He manages media events in very unpredictive style which media loves and his brand image was automatically displayed throughout the world. He did not expected his people to follow him blindly, he gave them the liberty to think and innovate. Hence, he was influential in promoting talent from within. While other preferred to grow the size of their organization, he kept the company small. It helped to preserve the unique energy and organizational efficiency. He maximized his entrepreneurial spirit more than bureaucratic skill (Dudovskiy 2017). Therefore, his action truly depicts simple living and high thinking to achieve the pinnac le of success. Conclusion The main purpose of this essay was to evaluate the impact of leadership style on Virgin Atlantics culture. The GLOBE framework was chosen for conducting the leadership styles analysis and making of the culture of Virgin Atlantic. This analysis revealed the unconventional and transformative leadership style of Richard Branson. He used his entrepreneurial skills and adventurous spirit to create an informal work culture where every staff was proud to work. The work environment was casual and everyone was friendly. A supportive and motivating work climate was given to employees who inspired them to give their best and move ahead in the direction set by Richard Branson. The constructivism approach was used to build the organization culture and a ripple effect was created to pass on the competitive and adventurous work spirit to all work members. Hence, a leaders role is critical in motivating the team and extracting the desired performance outcome in set time frame. Reference Abdi, M.R. and Sharma, S., (2011). Strategic/tactical information management of flight operations in abnormal conditions through Network Control Centre. International journal of information management, 27(2), pp.119-138. Abubakar, s. G. (2016). Examining the culture of an organisation, its leadership styles, structure, diversity issues and conflicts: a case study of virgin atlantic, united kingdom.Development,4(2). Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. (2015). Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. New York: Routledge. Azar, O.H Brock, D.M (2010) The development of strategy process research and the most influential articles and authors inHandbook of Research on Strategy Bell, B. S., Kozlowski, S. W. (2012). A typology of virtual teams implications for effective leadership. Group Organization Management, 27(1), 14-49. Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013).Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Diehl, S., Mueller, B., Terlutter, R. (2014).The usefulness of GLOBE dimensions in analyzing consumer perceptions of advertising: Results from multinational studies. LEWI Working Paper Series). Retrieved from https://? lewi.? hkbu.? edu.? hk/? WPS/? 126% 20? Diehl.? pdf. Accessed 20 Aug. Dudovskiy, J. (2017).Virgin Atlantic Airlines: employee motivation, leadership and organisational culture. [online] Research Methodology. Available at: https://research-methodology.net/virgin-atlantic-airlines-employee-motivation-leadership-and-organisational-culture/ [Accessed 9 Feb. 2017]. Hartnell, C. A., Ou, A. Y., Kinicki, A. (2011). Organizational culture and organizational effectiveness: a meta-analytic investigation of the competing values framework's theoretical suppositions.Journal of Air Transport Management, 16(7), pp.210-211. Herbane, B. (2011). The evolution of business continuity management: A historical review of practices and drivers. Business history, 52(6), 978-1002. Hickson, R. J., Owen, T. L. (2015). Project management for mining: Business journal for delivering project success, 13(2) 10 Hogan, S. J., Coote, L. V. (2014). Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), 1609-1621. House, R. J., Dorfman, P. W., Javidan, M., Hanges, P. J., de Luque, M. F. S. (2013).Strategic leadership across cultures: GLOBE study of CEO leadership behavior and effectiveness in 24 countries. Sage Publications. Ivanov, D., Sokolov, B., Dolgui, A. (2014). The Ripple effect in supply chains: trade-off efficiency-flexibility-resiliencein disruption management.International Journal of Production Research,52(7), 2154-2172. Laeequddin, M., (2011). Supply chain partners selection criterion in United Arab Emirates: a study of packaged food products supply chain. Paradigm, 13(1), pp.20-27. Lunenburg, F. C. (2011). Decision making in organizations. International journal of management, business, and administration, 15(1), 1-9. Researchkorner.blogspot.in. (2017).The mission and strategic objectives of Virgin Atlantic Airlines and its connection and importance towards the interests and expectations of the firms stakeholders. [online] Available at: https://researchkorner.blogspot.in/2013/05/the-mission-and-strategic-objectives-of.html [Accessed 9 Feb. 2017]. Russ, T. L. (2011). Theory X/Y assumptions as predictors of managers' propensity for participative decision making. Management Decision, 49(5), 823-836. Schein, E. H. (2012). Organizational Culture and Leadership. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Urso, T. (2017).Sir Richard Branson: A Brand Leader's Influence Role. [online] Insight180. Available at: https://www.insight180.com/sir-richard-branson-a-brand-leaders-influence-role/ [Accessed 9 Feb. 2017]. Zhang, X., Bartol, K. M. (2011). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 107-128.

Nursing Patients Notes Essay Sample free essay sample

I. Describe the function of the undermentioned endocrines in the formation of piss. specifically explain the stimulation for their release. actions ( decrease/increase GFR ) and whether or non dilute/concentrated urine consequences ) : ADH ( Vasopressin ) – ADH has an antidiuretic action that prevents the production of dilute piss. Formation of urine = in the DCT and roll uping canals. H2O motion out of the organic structure is regulated by ADH. Stimulus for their release = lowered blood force per unit area or low salt or H2O concentration in the blood will excite the release of ADH from the posterior hypophysis. Actions ( decrease/increase GFR ) = increased ADH would diminish the GFR and a lessening in ADH would increase GFR. Dilute/Concentrated Urine Results = if there is a high sum of ADH. H2O moves out and will bring forth concentrated piss and if ADH is absent H2O will non be reabsorbed and will bring forth dilute piss. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Patients Notes Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Renin-Angiotesin-Aldosterone System Stimulation for their release = if blood force per unit area drops dramatically this will trip renin secernment from the JG cells. renin acts on angiotensinogen to organize angiotonin I. angiotonin I is converted to angiotensin II hence angiotensin II causes mean arterial force per unit area to lift and stimulates the adrenal cerebral mantle to let go of aldosterone. As a consequence. both systemic and glomerular hydrostatic force per unit area rises. Actions ( decrease/increase GFR ) = the motorial arteriole constricts. coercing blood to construct up in the glomerulus. which maintains the GFR. The activation of the RAAS causes a lessening in GFR. Dilute/Concentrated Urine Results = activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System will ensue in concentrated urine consequences. Atrial Naturetic Pepetide ( ANP ) Hormone Stimulation for their release = big addition in blood volume promotes release of ANP. Actions = consequence is more urinary end product. less blood volume and decreased blood force per unit area. GFR will increase with the release of ANP. Dilute/Concentrated Urine Results = piss will be more dilute. II. Diabetic patients ( with hyperglycaemia ) . typically have symptoms of polyuria. polydypsia and polyphagia. Define these footings and explicate why these patients are polyuric and polydypsic. Polyuria is the inordinate secernment of piss. Polydypsia causes blood hyperosmolarity. this status activates the thirst centre in hypothalamus and makes the capable drink inordinate H2O. Polyphagia is inordinate feeding. Patients that are polyuric can hold diabetes. diabetes mellitus. premenstrual syndrome. urinary rocks. Common causes are bladder conditions. congestive bosom failure. cystitis. or generalized anxiousness upset. Uncommon causes causes include anorexia nervosa. interstitial cystitis. and sickle-cell anemia. Rare causes can be different types of malignant neoplastic disease. cushing’s syndrome and pituitary tumours. Patients that are polydypsic can perchance be diagnosed with diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus. Often as one of the initial symptoms. and in those who fail to take their anti-diabetic medicines or whose doses have become unequal. It can besides be caused by a alteration in the osmolality of the extracellular fluids of the organic structure. hypokalemia. decreased blood volume and other conditions that create a H2O shortage. This is normally a consequence of osmotic diuresis. Polydipsia is besides a symptom of anticholinergic toxic condition. Zinc is besides known to cut down symptoms of polydipsia by doing the organic structure to absorb fluids more expeditiously ( decrease of diarrhoea induces irregularity ) and it causes the organic structure to retain more Na ; therefore a Zn lack can be a possible cause. Major tranquilizers can hold side effects such as dry oral cavity that may do the patient feel thirsty. III. A 45-year-old patient was admitted to the infirmary with a diagnosing of cirrhosis of the liver. He is thin and malnourished. His venters is really big due to an accretion of fluid in the abdominal pit. His lower appendages are really conceited. A. Explain why these alterations have occurred. B. The nurse is detecting him closely for the possibility of GI hemorrhage. Why is this considered a possible complication? C. Explain the consequence of his conditions on his GFR and why. MODULE IV-TOPIC 2- DISCUSSIONS ( GRADED ) : ACID-BASE/pH-BALANCE For full recognition. your engagement is require in at LEAST 3 ( Out of 4 ) of the clinical scenerios. Good fortune this hebdomad as you prepare for Module IV Lecture Exam with these constructs. 1. Gossip. an undergraduate. has normal PCO2 degrees. high H+ degrees. low pH and hydrogen carbonate degrees. What type of perturbation is Gossip enduring from and what might do this? If his PCO2 were elevated. would your reply alteration? Explain. Gossip is sing metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis focuses on reduced hydrogen carbonate and decreased pH degrees. Common causes are loss of hydrogen carbonate due to diarrhea. accretion of acid ( ketonemia ) . and nephritic disfunction. Yes. if PCO2 degrees were elevated but merely if she were to go on to hold low pH degrees. Gossip would most probably be sing respiratory acidosis because that is caused from addition PCO2 and decreased pH. 2. Diabetess mellitus produces many homeostatic instabilities. including acidosis. The pH instability is due to ketoacidosis. which consequences from inordinate accretion of by-products of fat metamorphosis. as the organic structure can non run into energy demands from saccharide metamorphosis. Sally is a adolescent diabetic who sometimes Rebels by non taking her insulin. Her female parent takes her to the infirmary because her external respiration has become deep and panting. Explain Sally’s take a breathing form. What other compensatory responses may happen and would they happen earlier or later than the respiratory response? I think Sally is sing metabolic acidosis. and the respiratory response is hyperventilation which increases loss of CO2 hence the ground she is take a breathing profoundly and panting. Besides. if compensation is complete. pH will be within normal scope but HCO3- will be low. 3. Mary. a nursing pupil. has been caring for burn patients. She notices that they systematically show elevated degrees of K in their piss and admirations why. What would you state her? Patients who have Burnss will lose a profuse sum of H2O. going hypovolaemic. every bit good as electrolytes and go dehydrated rapidly. The organic structure wants to seek and keep homeostasis so the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system will trip to conserve every bit much Na as possible ; for every three Na ions withheld in the system. the organic structure pumps two K ions out into urine elimination. The organic structure is seeking to keep on to more Na so there is more potassium being excreted in the piss. 4. Why does K concentration rise in patients with acidosis? What is this called? What effects does it hold? MODULE V-TOPIC 1- DISCUSSIONS ( GRADED ) : Development 1. Describe the function of Corpus luteum: 1A. station ovulation and 1B. station nidation ( if gestation occurred ) 2. A 25-year-old adult female stated that it had been six hebdomads since her last menstruations. Her gestation trial was positive. By the 6th month of gestation. she felt irregular contractions of the womb but no complications were present. After nine months. a healthy. 7 pound. . 3 oz miss was delivered with no complications. Breast eating was planned. 2A. What hormonal constituent is the footing of gestation trials? 2B. What prevented the womb from originating labour before the designated bringing clip? 2C. Describe the positive feedback systems that occur during labour and bringing 2D. What maintains milk production after birth? 2E. Is it possible to acquire pregnant during the clip of chest eating? Explain your reply. [ pic ] [ movie ] [ movie ]

Quotes from Anti-Slavery Activist Angelina Grimké

Quotes from Anti-Slavery Activist Angelina Grimkà © Angelina Grimkà © and her older sister Sarah Moore Grimkà © were born to a slaveholding family in Americas South. They became Quakers, and then became antislavery and womens rights speakers and activists - in fact, they were the only white Southern women known to be part of the abolitionist movement. Grimkà ©s family was prominent in Charleston, South Carolina, society, and were major slaveholders. Angelina was the youngest of fourteen siblings and was always closest with her older sister, Sarah, who was thirteen years older than her. As a teenager, she began her first anti-slavery activities by teaching her familys slaves about religion. Her faith became a major part of the foundation of her abolitionist views, believing that slavery was an un-Christian and immoral institution, although other Christians of her time had found Bible verses and interpretations that they could claim supported slavery. Because of the way that her fellow Presbyterian endorsed slavery, Grimkà ©s abolitionist beliefs were not welcomed, and she was expelled from the church in 1829. She became a Quaker instead, and realizing that she would never be able to change the beliefs of Southern slaveowners, she and Sarah moved to Philadelphia. Even the Quakers slow reform proved too gradual for Angelina, and she became involved in the radical abolition movement. Among her most famous published letters was An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South, published in 1836 to try to persuade Southern women of the evils of slavery. She and her sister Sarah both became abolitionist speakers throughout New England, sparking new discussions (and controversies) about womens rights as well as abolition. In February 1838, Angelina addressed the Massachusetts State Legislature, defending the abolition movement and womens rights to petition and becoming the first American woman to address a legislative assembly. Her lectures drew some criticism, as she pointed out that passive complicity, not just active slave-owning, propped up the institution of slavery, but she was generally respected for her eloquence and persuasiveness. Even after Grimkà ©s health declined in later years, she still corresponded with activist friends and continued her activities on a smaller, more personal scale. Selected Angelina Grimkà © Quotations I recognize no rights but human rights I know nothing of mens rights and womens rights; for in Christ Jesus there is neither male nor female. It is my solemn conviction that, until this principal of equality is recognized and embodied in practice, the church can do nothing effectual for the permanent reformation of the world.Women ought to feel a particular sympathy in the colored mans wrong, for, like him, she has been accused of mental inferiority, and denied the privileges of a liberal education....thou art blind to the danger of marrying a woman who feels and acts out the principle of equal rights...Hitherto, instead of being a help meet to man, in the highest, noblest sense of the term, as a companion, a co-worker, an equal; she has been a mere appendage of his being, an instrument of his convenience and pleasure, the pretty toy with which he whiled away his leisure moments, or the pet animal whom he humored into playfulness and submission.Abolitionists never sought place or po wer. All they asked was freedom; all they wanted was that the white man should take his foot off the negros neck. Slavery always has, and always will, produce insurrections wherever it exists, because it is a violation of the natural order of things.My friends, it is a fact that the South has incorporated slavery into her religion; that is the most fearful thing in this rebellion. They are fighting, verily believing that they are doing God service.I know you do not make the laws, but I also know that you are the wives and mothers, the sisters and daughters, of those who do.If a law commands me to sin I will break it; if it calls me to suffer, I will let it take its course unresistingly. Selected Sources Grimkà ©, Angelina (1836). An Appeal to Christian Women of the South. http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/abolitn/abesaegat.html Grimkà ©, Angelina (1837). Letter to Catharine Beecher.  Quoted in American Political Thought: New York: W.W. Norton, 2009. Grimkà ©, Sarah Moore (1838).  Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, and the Condition of Woman: Addressed to Mary S. Parker. Archive.org. Weld, Theodore Dwight, Grimkà ©, Angelina, Sarah Grimkà © (1839). American Slavery As It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. https://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/weld/weld.html

Comparative Economic Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparative Economic Systems - Essay Example While proponents of this global economic model argue that this is the best possible system, there are also those who strongly oppose various aspects of this system. Taking a historical perspective, we see that the events of the two centuries are shaped and defined by the practice of capitalism. In a way, the peaking of European colonialism coincided with the consolidation of capitalist economic theory, which ultimately replaced it. In other words, the power and influence wielded by large multinational corporations today (which are the faà §ade of global capitalism) is nothing short of a variant of imperialism. While conceding that concentrations of power and finance in and of themselves do not lead to oppression and injustice, empirical evidence of the workings of the capitalist model suggests such an outcome. Similarly, while neo-liberal economic paradigm might have improved the Gross National Products of individual nations and improved the general standards of living, there are ot her aspects to human wellbeing that is not easily measured and fulfilled (Dixon, 1998, p.125). For instance, when assessing economic systems, it is only logical to consider the consequences to the environment alongside measures of human standard of living. There is an emerging consensus among intellectuals and research scholars that there is indeed a strong correlation between the two concepts. In other words, it is rarely a coincidence that poverty thrives in hostile geographies and that affluence is usually seen in ambient landscapes. Apart from the literal sense of the word, ‘environment’ could also be taken to mean the political and socio-cultural context of a particular geographic space. Further, global capitalism has led to the practice of exploitation of cheap labor offered by Third World nations. So, while global capitalism is further developing the length and breadth of its reach, it benefits certain

The Sixties Cultural Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Sixties Cultural Movement - Essay Example The 1960s was a significant period within modern history. It could be said that it was when society as a whole began to realize that there was individual freedom within humanity, that life need not be dictated by those who controlled us that life is a personal choice. It was also a time when America began seeing itself for what it is, their government policies especially their foreign policy was always based on profit and the American people understood that they needed to be more sympathetic to other people. It was a reawakening because previously during history the population could be recruited for whatever means to serve the government especially during times of war however, during the sixties many people fought and protested against war recruitment. It was a moment when humanity could re-examine themselves and their lives that society could be changed just like the efforts of the African-American people as a segregated minority. It was a time of possibility. In the 1950s America h ad great faith in their political system, America went to war with Korea and not many protested, McCarthyism was rampant and the people were led to believe in rampant anticommunism. From these roots of an anticommunist stance did the 1960s take place and the war against Vietnam was built on these reasons. Even within literature did the American beliefs penetrate there was a naà ¯ve impression of American anticommunism.... dictator, General The. Aside from the war policy of America against Vietnam there were other important events that took place in the 1960s that affected the world and America was at the center where there were many movements and protests against the formal government. Science & Religion in the Sixties There was an expansive surge on science during the sixties and if the details could be believed, man has landed on the moon. Neil Armstrong, an astronaut landed on the moon in 1969 after President Kennedy launched a space race between America and Russia. Earlier on in the fifties the USSR have managed to send several dogs in orbit in space to test whether it was feasible for man to travel there. Before Armstrong was able to reach the moon the Russians in 1961 was already orbiting space3. It could be said that the science of astrology and space travel during this time was reaching its all-new high. Satellites were being sent to orbit the earth and these weren't minor achievements. Satellites are what we use today to receive signals for our televisions, our wireless internet, our mobile phones, we use satellite technology today almost everyday. Science also reached its fictitious zenith where it came to the point that it could create its own religion. The Church of Scientology was founded in 1955 by a fiction writer named L. Ron Hubbard. In the 1960s, as all counter-cultural movement goes, it developed its own stances to living daily life and cultures and created their own basic principles. Today, Scientology is no longer a completely 'New-Age' phenomenon as many people and celebrities begin to embrace its practices. Sixties and Politics When the settlers came to America they fought for a

Trade unions and management Essay Example for Free

Trade unions and management Essay It is evident from the literature that there has been a sharp decrease in the use of collective bargaining between trade unions and management in deciding employment agreements for employees (e. g. Milner, 1995; Poole Mansfield,1993). Many authors argue that movement towards the individualization of employment relations is replacing the traditional collectivist approach, with the individual negotiation of personalized employment agreements becoming increasingly more favoured over the collective negotiation between trade unions and managements (Milner, 1995; Welch Leighton, 1996). Within this essay, individualism and collectivism mainly revolve around the employment agreement, which is described by Welch and Leighton (1996) as being the main legal mechanism for establishing the rules of work for the employer and individual employees. Brown et al. (2000, p. 616) define the employment contract as being the outcome of a transaction that encompasses both the entitlements and the obligations of the employee. These entitlements encompass commonly associated factors such as pay and fringe benefits, however, what is commonly forgotten is that contracts also regulate the obligations placed on employees such as workloads and job descriptions (Brown et al. , 2000). These are elements that can be either negotiated collectively or individually. In this essay we commence by outlining the meanings of collectivism and individualism the different dimensions of collectivism and individualism in employment relations, and the relations between them. Then we discussed how the movement from collectivism to individualism has been expressed in the pay systems. Collectivism and Individualism Individualism has been viewed as closely associated with unitarism as it suggests shared interests and therefore a preference for a relationship between the individual employee and the manager which is direct and unmediated by collective employee representation. Pluralism has been viewed as being related to collectivism in that this perspective implies conflicting employee-management interests and consequently a preference for collective institutions and procedures in the form of trade unions or collective bargaining. However it has been argued that the tendency to equate unitarism with individualism and pluralism with collectivism in this way fails to do justice to the complexity of management approaches as they relate to the individual and the collective at the workplace(Purcell 1987 cited in the book by Ian Kessler John Purcell, 2003). Notions of individualism and collectivism have been used to characterize distinct but related dimensions of the employment relationship(Ian Kessler John Purcell,2003). Individualism directs attention to how employers manage the individual employee while collectivism encourages a focus on how employers address and deal with collective or representative institutions. Phelps Brown talks of ‘the sense of common interest and common purpose. ’ that united union members in the past (1990:11) and depicts post –war trade unionism as ‘A movement, and not simply a federation of bodies with common purposes. Its members were accustomed to address each other as brothers and sisters, and they did indeed feel a fraternal obligation to support one another. Within the ground rules of democracy, they saw themselves as committed to an adversarial approach in industrial relations and to a radical change in social and economic institutions. (1990:4)’ Trevor Colling (2003) explains that the problem with such perspectives is that they overstate the previous strength of collective identities and, in doing so, depict the current crisis of collectivism as being without precedent and unfathomably deep. Rise and decline of collective bargaining Collective bargaining is defined as ‘a voluntary, formalized process by which employers and independent trade unions negotiate, for specified groups of employees, terms and conditions of employment and the ways in which certain employment-related issues are to be regulated at national, organizational and workplace levels. ’ Lewis, Philip, Thornhill, Adrian, Saunders, Mark (2003). William Brown, Paul Marginson and Janet Walsh (2003) described collective bargaining as a term used when employers deal directly with the trade unions representing their employees in order to regulate the conduct and terms of their work. Flanders (1968) noted that collective bargaining does not involve the actual sale or hire of labour; it is a rule –making process which determines and regulates, in varying degrees, the terms on which individuals will be employed. Purcell reinforced industrial relations origins and strong traditional links with collectivism through the following quote. ‘The study of industrial relations grew out of a recognition that principles of wage fixing in industry, the pursuit of industrial citizenship and the determination of conditions of employment were most obviously, and best, achieved through collective bargaining between employers and representatives of the workforce. ’ Therefore, it can be stated that the original system of industrial relations had strong links with collectivism. Gunnigle, Turner and D’Art (1998) stated that the extent of collectivism in industrial relations may be accurately gauged through trade union penetration; which includes trade union density, recognition and reliance on collective bargaining. Therefore, the following empirical evidence of the rise and decline of collective employment agreements and trade unions will demonstrate trends in collectivism. Milner (1995) explained the data of collective pay setting institutions in Britain from 1895-1990, providing good data for the percentage of the workforce covered by collective bargaining throughout this period of time. In 1910, 15 percent of Britain’s workforce was covered by collective bargaining. This steadily rose to reach 42 percent by 1933 and 51 percent by 1939, peaking at 73 percent in 1973 (Milner, 1995). When the percentage of employees covered by collective bargaining is combined with those affected by trade boards and wage councils (statutory machinery), Milner’s (1995) data shows the overall coverage percentage peaked after World War Two at 89 percent in 1947. Brown et al. (2000) discovered that the proportion of all employees covered by collective agreements in British workplaces fell from 70 percent in 1984 to 54 percent in 1990, and further to 41 percent in 1998. Brown et al. (2000) also cite that the traditional form of multi-employer, industry-wide or national collective bargaining has significantly reduced from 43 percent in 1980 to 14 percent in 1998. Poole and Mansfield (1993) discovered in their study of managers who were also members of the British Institute of Management that the proportion of managers actually involved in collective bargaining dropped from 20 percent in 1980 to 17. 4 percent in 1990, which is a minimal drop when compared to the findings of other studies. However, Poole and Mansfield (1993) interestingly found that informal meetings between managers and union representatives had substantially declined, with 48. 5 percent of managers engaging in such practices in 1980 whilst only 31. 3 percent did in 1990. This trend of union membership rise and decline in Britain is clearly typified by Figure 1, extracted from Disney, Gosling and Machin (1995, p. 404). Although the above data is only from Britain, it is clear from the literature that the decline in trade union membership is not isolated to Britain. Harbridge and Crawford (2000) cite evidence that virtually all OECD countries have experienced negative or reduced employment growth, and that throughout the 1980’s union density fell in all OECD countries except Finland, Iceland and Sweden. The arrival of a government in 1997 that was more sympathetic to trade unions, and the subsequent passing out of the 1999 employment relations act, has tended to reverse the trend towards complete withdrawal from collective bargaining, and even to encourage ‘re-recognition’ of unions in many firms. But this reversal appears to be very much on terms laid down by employers. Factors contributing to decline in collectivism One of the major and most complex factors literature mentions as contributing to the decline in collectivisation relates to the corresponding decline in trade union membership and hence trade union power. Purcell (1993) explains that membership fees are the most important way for trade unions to collect their revenue, and from this it can be extended that if membership declines, then so does the trade unions income and hence power and financial ability to protect its members. Trade unions are the collective force that drive collective bargaining within employment agreements, and the weaker they get, the weaker the influence of collective bargaining. Brown et al. (2000, p. 612) support this link between the strength of trade unions and collective bargaining, and suggest factors that may have contributed to the recent decline in both areas through the following statement: ‘During the previous two decades the membership of trade unions and the coverage of collective bargaining had contracted substantially, battered by Competitive, legal and structural change. ’ Purcell (1993) cites a number of legal changes in Britain that have contributed to the decline in the power and influence of trade unions and collective bargaining. These include abolishing the closed shop, requiring balloting for strike action, and making unions vicariously liable for a wide range of industrial action contemplated or conducted by union representatives or their members (Purcell, 1993). Actions such as these that limit the trade union rights to use industrial action give a big disadvantage to the unions, as industrial action is one of the main tools unions use against the employers (Welch Leighton, 1996). Because of this many employees leave the trade unions or see no point in joining them because the unions do not have the power to represent their views in an effective manner; they are paying the union fees for no benefit (Purcell, 1993; Welch Leighton, 1996). Decisions taken by the employers can also contribute towards the derecognition of trade unions leading to individualism of employment relations. Tuckman and Finnerty (1998) argue that without trade unions employers are able to pressurize the employees to accept reforms . Purcell explains that shifting to single employer bargaining enables firms to easily bring in new payment systems and grade structures and also enables the firms to link the management of labour to product market instead of the external labour market. There is also a view that says Individualised contracts allow employees to negotiate terms and conditions related to their needs as they are directly involved in the bargaining, especially in terms of factors such as performance related pay(Tuckman Finnerty,1998). Managers have also been assumed to prefer the unitary system of industrial relations within the work place compared to the pluralist system(Poole Mansfield, 1993). This unitary approach is linked to individualisation of the employment contracts, with employers and employees negotiating together to discuss the terms and conditions of employment contracts. In contrast the collective approach is viewed as being very pluralist in nature due to trade unions from outside the workplace being brought in to negotiate employment conditions or advocate for employees rights. Purcell (1993) asserts that employers have changed their tactics concerning trade unions to reflect this change to unitarism by deciding to compete with trade unions rather than confronting them, thereby reducing the need for employees to contemplate union membership. Trevor Colling (2003) identifies three variants of explanation for the decline in collectivized employee relations. Those suggesting that decline has been secular emphasize the absence of demand for collective channels of representation and explain this by shifts in the composition of the economy and labour markets. Others point to high-commitment strategies and the extent to which employers have been successful in garnering the trust and allegiance of their employees. Some see the trend as a strategic one, created by deliberate employer actions, facilitated by state policy, to secure managerial prerogative and close down joint regulation. Ian Kessler and John Purcell(2003) explains that since the 1979 changes in the state’s conception of good industrial relations, linked to the decline in union strength ,have allowed management greater choice over which style of employee management to adopt. Ian Kessler and John Purcell (2003) points to some calls for a move towards non-union forms of individualism, particularly among key employer organizations. Howell (1995: 163) notes how in the late 1980s the institute of directors called for: ‘The almost complete individualization of industrial relations, meaning individual pay contracts and merit pay in place of national agreements and collective bargaining, employee shareholding, individualized training, and either the elimination of any role for the trade unions or a minimalist role in which trade unions provide services for their members but do not engage in collective bargaining and have a limited right to strike. ’ Changes in the level of collective bargaining, in particular a move towards decentralization from multi-employer to single-employer, and from single employer to multi-plant, may also be an important indicator of the decline in collective industrial relations ( Mcloughlin, I and Gourlay,S,1993). The wide spread introduction of the system of Human Resource Management (HRM) has been postulated to be a large contributor to the move away from trade unions and collective bargaining towards unitarism and individualized contracts, and this will now be discussed.

Americans Have the Right to Keep and Bear Arms Essay -- Constitutional

Americans Have the Right to Keep and Bear Arms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our rights as Americans started to take shape when the Constitution of the United States was drawn up by the delegates at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Three years later, a very important part of American history called the Bill of Rights was added. The Bill of Rights is looked upon and interpreted every day. It gives the citizens of the United States many of the rights and freedoms that we value today, and some of those are in jeopardy. One right that is at stake is our right to bear arms, which is addressed in the Second Amendment. The Second Amendment is a highly debatable topic, and many legal scholars and the Supreme Court have yet to resolve the issues and controversy dealing with the Amendment. Until a decision can be made, the law will remain as it is currently interpreted. The citizens of the United States of America have the right to keep and bear arms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The controversy about the Second Amendment is derived from how it is worded (Jordan). The debate about the wording can be broken into two different arguments. To understand the arguments it is important to know how the Amendment is worded. The Second Amendment states, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed (qtd. in Anastaplo 61).† The first argument is that some people view the Second Amendment as two separate rights. The right of the people to keep and bear arms can be interpreted with the idea that each individual has the right to keep and bear arms; whereas, it could be a collective right giving just the members of the Militia the right to have guns (Gold). It is believed that the original meaning of the right to bear arms and the militia in the same Amendment was because in the early times of America the citizens needed weapons to guarantee th eir freedom and prevent the government from forming a dictatorship (Edel xi). The second debate is that the Amendment is one statement, therefore meaning that the militia has the right to bear arms. The problem of understanding the meaning of the Second Amendment has been brought before many courts all across America and has been ruled upon in different ways at different times. However, the Supreme Court has never declared it illegal to own guns.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the years, t... ...iminals would be able to get guns illegally if they wanted them (Smith 25). It comes down to the age old saying of â€Å"guns do not kill people, people kill people.† The ability to keep and bear arms is also a right given to the American people by the Bill of Rights and was reinstated when one of the framers, Thomas Jefferson, said, â€Å"No free man shall ever be debarred the use of arms.† Works Cited Anastaplo, George. The Amendments to the Constitution: A Commentary. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 1995. Chidsey, Donald Barr. The Birth of the Constitution: An Informed History. New York: Crown, 1964. Edel, Wilbur. Gun Control: Threat to Liberty or Defense Against Anarchy?. London: Praeger, 1995. Gold, Bruce. â€Å"The 2nd Amendment: A Historical Understanding.† Keep and Bear Arms.com. 5 April 2004 Hickok, Eugene W., ed. The Bill of Rights: Original Meaning and Current Understanding. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1991. Jordan, Stan. â€Å"The Common Sense 2nd Amendment.† Keep and Bear Arms.com. 2001. 5 April 2004 Klein, Chuck. â€Å"What the Second Amendment Says.† The Cincinnati Enquirer 28 March 2001: B7. 5 April 2004 Smith, Guy. Gun Facts Version 2.0. 2000. 1 April 2004

A Mystery of Heroism by Stephen Crane

Stephen Crane’s story entitled â€Å"A Mystery of Heroism† can be said as a great story in terms of using signs, symbols, language use, power, and character emotion.Crane used different expressive words to show the readers the situation of the soldiers while waiting for a big battle. They were not good-looking because of the dust and dirt that went through their bodies and uniforms. The readers would truly understand the life and situation of the field where group of soldiers were looking forward to death as they march their bodies into the forest without any assurance of being alive.Personally, I can say that Crane made a good attack of simple yet significant kind of heroism in his story. He showed that heroism is not always about dying for your country or people; it can also be shown as you face the risk of death for your own sake and for your company soldiers. It illustrates simplicity when it comes to the main conflict of the story – thirstiness.The soldiers are all thirsty but they refrain from going to the well for it will be the entry point to hell but Collins faced his fear of death and went to the well. For him, going to the well and get some drink would give him strength rather than ignoring his thirst and went to the battle and die.As first, his comrades influenced him to get some drink but as soon as he gets there, his dignity raised him to conquer his fear from all the manifestation of death that may surround him.As what the narrator described Collins, he was just a simple man with imperfection and uncertainties in life. He depicts Collins as â€Å"irritable, childish, and diabolical,† (Crane, 494).It means that though he was dignified as a man that led him to become a hero; he is an imperfect person with circumstances and irrational beliefs during his teenage years and can be the same while he was in the battle.However, Crane wanted to show that heroism is not about being perfect to face your lifetime. He wanted to shar e his thought that despite of all the flaws that a person has, he would still be proclaim as a hero once he makes a difference for the goodness of many.He used the setting soldier’s battle in the forest for it was always the situation where young men became heroes of the contemporary world. However, the irony within here is that heroism does not went through the battle itself fighting enemies to win the pride of the nation but doing a simple task to make all the comrades live by giving them liquid to refresh their empty and knuckled bodies.As I read the story, I felt sorrow and pain towards the soldiers. They need to be tough outside of their being even if they were weak within their souls.Through this, it can be seen that even they do not have the courage to do much things for their comrades and nation; they were already heroes of the country for they show the world that they could face the reality of death even if they do not deserve to die. It shows that they were all hero es from the day they went to the battle until they breathe their last.As a conclusion to this, Crane depicts the story of human heroism. It is a simple representation of true brotherhood and toughness. All soldiers deserve a great award for all their sacrifices and strength. Though it was a fictional story, the readers can feel the truthfulness of reality in the society. It showed that being a soldier is not just a simple job but a passionate responsibility to whole nation and they need to survive to be the armor of salvation.Work CitedCrane, Stephen. â€Å"A Mystery of Heroism†   p.490-496, 1895

Network of People in the Film Industry Essay example

Network of people in the film industry The film industry, unlike the music industry or the art world, consists of simultaneously literary, visual and audio elements. As a result, the film industry is a complex industry with talents from more diverse fields involved. According to a web page, Film Jobs Hierarchy (2013), the production of a film normally consist of four phases, namely development, pre production, production and post production, and an additional phase of distribution. Each involves different parties. This essay will analyze the networks of cooperation among these parties in different phases. In the development phase, the goals to be achieved are the finalization of the script and the acquisition of financial support. The†¦show more content†¦Another dominant character is the director. Since parties of different talents may have contradictory aspirations, the coordination of the team and resolution of conflicts are of utmost importance. To achieve these, the director, who is normally the highest authority in the creative side of the filmmaking hierarchy, supervises and coordinates the initial work of sub-directors and makes final decisions, which greatly influence the creative directions of these sub-directors. Division of sub-directors is varied in projects, but generally includes art director, casting director, director of audiography and director of photography. The art director is in charge of the costume artists and storyboard designers, the casting director is in charge of the execution of casting procedures, the director of audiography is in charge of the audiographers and co-work with the music director, and director of photography is in charge of the camera crews, for example lighting technicians and camera men. Their interaction with their subordinates are more of a top-down relation, thus they play a decisive role in determining the work of these technical personnel. 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