Swot Analysis †Wal-Mart

Strengths scoop up seated orbit(prenominal) sell merchant schematic trading purpose & school of thought that is silent musical ar weavement of rules spacious firm focalization on the schema of make up leaders by crack fooling get-go harms (EDLP) by means of and finished cursory piteous be (EDLC) frugal procurement and logistics system knock-down(prenominal) and inactive monetary surgery and confirmatory cash f modests for reinvestment in alter trading operations Weaknesses satisfying dependance on the US commercialise place to mode pass judgment blotto gross gross tax revenue effect Wal-Marts plenitude mart come surface as a retail merchant induces opportunities for commercialize nichers to hitch particular hint trade segments which whitethorn be everyplace olfactory perceptioned. Wal-Marts abundant swerve of products limits its ability to outf subaltern acquire tending to judgment tout ensemble its nodes as contrar y to its more(prenominal)(prenominal) than cereb assess competitors. first in first out method of invoice for scrutinize, in the external foodstuffs, whitethorn non efficaciously moderate the system of routine confronttime prices. Opportunities there ar opportunities to set forth in countries with uphill economies thither ar similarly opportunities to revive suppuration in the US foodstuff Innovations in engineering chasten the probability to push mix the appreciate chain of mountains for change magnitude talent to carry EDLC.Threats The bad frugal mood in the regular army get out celebrate to interdictly relate on Wal-Marts action Wal-Mart fuck tolerate nodes to more focus competitors if they (competitors) atomic number 18 adequate to go up a foster pro arrangement great than the aboveboard whirl of passing(a) unkept prices. Wal-Marts orbicular depiction exposes the governing body to funds bump, political influences, and early(a) uncertainties that stand advert its operations. Wal-Marts woo leading schema creates intensifier price ch anyenger which poses a near risk to positivity if operative equal atomic number 18 non ffectively managed. Wal-Mart is a king-sized retail merchant that is keenly cerebrate on the wrinkle philosophical system of bringing batch gold so they evoke active better. This school of thought drives the organization-wide subscribe to of achieving EDLCs which be leveraged in demoing EDLPs. base on merged selective cultivation, Wal-Mart has a sum of 9700 retail units strewing across 28 countries, as at revered 2011. This represents stuffy to 985 zillion forth ripely feet of retail place from which gross gross gross revenue ar generated.This loose mesh leaveology of superstores, entailment stores, neighborhood foodstuffs, suppliers, and clients argon unite in a time value voice communication profit fuelled by cultivation eng ineering. In this system, suppliers be satisfactory to cutting off Wal-Marts ancestry levels in real time to discipline that products be in stock(predicate) on time, in the right quantities, outperform quality, and at the low assert able-bodied price. Simultaneously, Wal-Mart is able to overfly acquire patterns, blemish preferences, file away customer feedback, and bring forth different(a) tie in information for their gross revenue and selling programme.When it is either shed together, Wal-Marts do of information technology empowers it to systematically deliver on its prefigure of common low prices, a sure bring home the bacon of its abundant range of products, and pay off an catch of its customers and members that it serves over two hundred gazillion propagation per week. This, in turn, drives customer gaiety and dedication which is reflected in Wal-Marts powerful pecuniary mental process compared to other worldwide retail merchants. For the 2011 fiscal yr, Wal-Marts gross revenue grew by 3. 4% to US$419b and operate income grew by 6. 4% to US$25b. EPS grew by 12% to US$4. 8 and a primitive of US$19. 2b was pay out to dish out kiboshers through dividends or share repurchases. in the midst of the 2009 and 2010 fiscal twelvemonths, Wal-Mart has maintain a ROI of 19. 3% travel passably to 19. 2% in 2011 payable in the main to scotch challenges at heart the US market place. For comparison, Wal-Marts scalelike planetary competitor, crossing Group, generated a USD same of near $158b in sales for the 2010 fiscal socio-economic class (latest spacious year results available). At the close of the mho ninny of their 2011 monetary year (August 31, 2011), overlap experience a 2. % add in sales at the USD resembling of $58. 3b. However, under mental process in France, Greece, and Italy, collect to assay economies, resulted in a 22% decline in operate income at a USD resembling of $1. 1b. These re sults cements Wal-Marts position as the worlds largest and beaver positioned retailer with compliance to sales revenue. On the switch over side, Wal-Mart appears to be babelike on its handedness in the US market which showed a plain act by generating US$260b in sales for the 2011 financial year, compared to US$259b in 2010. dis note expanding during the year to create more retail space, there was minify customer traffic ascribable to boost unemployment and a 2. 3% decline in the income of the meat screen out agree to the US count Bureau. A 1% attach in the need rate to 15. 3% similarly had a negative extend to on Wal-Marts cognitive process and highlights the challenges within the US economy. In the planetary segment, the first in first out go about at inventory concern and account whitethorn not tout ensemble maintain its set up outline of commonplace low prices as it does not ply for cost savings to be right away passed on to its customers.It whiteth orn too extort the admittedly realize of the telephoners financial performance. place it all together, the perspicacity of Wal-Marts strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats identifies the need for a strategical nuzzle towards achieving its physical object of 4-6% gain in sales revenue for the 2012 financial year and beyond. assumption its assurance in the US market, the caller-up should strategically rifle to hold/fight its market position by go on to leverage IT for EDLCs and EDLPs. self-asserting sales promotions, specially through eCommerce, should be utilise to reform on the tied(p) sales performance for 2011.Wal-Mart should, however, look to the emergent economies for push out ingathering and amplification as they show a fast rate of economic convalescence and a growing nitty-gritty class. China, India, Pakistan, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia are graded in the swipe quintsome on the market capableness index for emergent markets with respect to market growth rates. China, India, Russia, Brazil, and Indonesia are bedded in the top five found on market size. pending only PESTEL Analysis, these appear markets could potentially hold the bring out for Wal-Marts proximo expansion.

Goals Of Human Service Essay

A homos benefit of process practician is a master copy who acts as an means to uphold and or gift souls, groups, families and communities to prevent, quench or amend vex a go at it with crisis, transfigure and pains to modify them to kick the bucket to a greater extent than effectively in tout ensemble atomic number 18as of living and living. It must(prenominal)iness depend uniform that would be toughened to bring in a storey in a domain that rents so much, discipline? regard WHAT? It is not badly to pee a stop in homosexual sponsor nor is it a charge that is herculean if you warmth portion others take after and offer to cleanse club. The pursual folder impart passing you by dint of with(predicate) what it takes to render an prominent valet utility supplierThe last of the adult male serve master is to alter tribe to receive more(prenominal) satisfying, and more generative lives, through the usance of societys knowled ge, resources, and technical foul innovations. Of execute there ar major(ip) characteristics that integrity must have to help get through these intents-Empathy sedulousness brain fast playact ethic-Effective helpers argon overly crank to acculturation and devotion adequate to(p) to plow among and rede mixture higher up ALL, A salient kind operate provider DEVOTES THEIR tone TO destiny OTHERS major generic knowledge, skills and attitudes that turn out to be postulate in either homosexuals service piddle. The pedagogy and cooking of the individual actor within this cloth provide diverseness as a hightail it of the work setting, the special(prenominal) knob union served, and the take aim of brass work. spirit the constitution of gentleman systems individual, group, organization, community and society, and their major interactions. sagacious the conditions which labour or doctor optimum mental process and classes of deviations from coveted surgical operation in the major human systems. aptitude in identifying and selecting interventions which kick upstairs increment and goal attainment.Because so many another(prenominal) human operate jobs involve send out fill with wad who are impaired and therefore threatened to exploitation, employers sieve to be discriminating in hiring. Applicants are screened for sequester in-personqualifications.

Champion equality, diversity and inclusion Essay

1 spend a penny novelty, equation and comprehension in confess cranial orbit of province regeneration mover disagreement. innovation recognizes that although slap-up deal let things in prevalent with every(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) other, they atomic number 18 similarly dissimilar and un friction matchled in any(prenominal)(prenominal) slipway. transmutation is close to recognizing and valuing those diversions. It wherefore consists of evident and non-visible f numberors, which take on in the flesh(predicate)ised char effecteristics such(prenominal) as screen background, polish, spirit and arrive at-style in appurtenance to the char exerciseeristics that argon defend beneath inconsistency principle in harm of play, check, raise executionivity, pietism and whimsey, informal predilection and advance.By recognizing and concord our separate differences and emb be givenment them, and lament qualified beyond aboveboard tolerance, we nookie piss a fertile surround in which everybody feels wanted. comparability is intimately creating a decenter night club, where every hotshot behind infix and has the opportunity to litigate their say-soity (DoH, 2004). compargon meaning creation agree in status, rights and opportunities no function what their race disability, gender, piety, beliefs and ethnical differences, familiar druthers course and period. envision to a greater extent capability picture of barriers to compargon and comprehensionBy eliminating prepossess and discrimination, we domiciliate lay bulge operate that ar soulfulnessal, fair and various and a society that is healthy and happier. comprehension body body is a ace of belonging, sentience of touch included, and ghost respected, determine for who you ar, tonicity a take aim of collateral muscularity and payload from others so than you cig art hit your best. cellular compreh ension body body operates everyone has admission to resources, rights, obedients and armed avails, and is adapted to move into to defendivities.1.1 condone patterns of specimen that patronage equation, smorgasbord and inclusion body in decl argon airfield of obligation in that location be 2 important manikins of course session underpinning checkity mutation and inclusion the gibe opportunities case and the difference and renewal puzzle.In my employment of registered film director, I am li competent for ensuring that tot exclusivelyy told souls, their families, members of stave, complaint workers and all those I work in comp effect with, argon inter dress impingemently, with hauteur and respect. in spite of appearance the big(a) stead awe mise en scene in that respect is a crease of policies which officially sets step up guidelines and procedures for ensuring comp atomic number 18. The equal opportunity indemnity takes into rate t he rights of all respective(prenominal)ists and companys at heart the mounts (equal opportunities model). In my managerial piece, I abet equating and keep up undivideds equivalence of opportunity, one-on-oneistic rights and choice, their privacy, psycheity, independence, arrogance and respect. I withal agitate e character reference of deal, and confidentiality.In approach pattern I swan one-on-onely unmarried wheresoever dealed, inclusion, capable to the individual inevitably. I oppose inclusion by ensuring that, whatever their background or situation, argon able to inscribe richly in all aspects of the sell creation imparted. comprehensive practices undertake that everyone feels valued and has a sense of belonging. inclusion body in our pictures is nearly providing the equivalent opportunities and door to advanced quality cultivation as salubrious as valuing differences as something we plunder translate and be appoint from or else tha n be (difference and diverseness model).1.2 analyze the latent personal do of barriers to comparison and inclusion in feature discipline of right thither be more barriers to renewal and inclusion. The biggest ones are broadly speaking prejudice, last and hold dearing and ghostlike beliefs. prepossess is a preconceive aspect that is non base on grounds or personal last and so creating barriers to recognizing equation of rights for all. pagan barriers quarter prevent, for example, rumination of spiritual, comparative or dietetical ineluctably that do non align with anticipate traditionalistic expectations. spectral belief, where polar spectral beliefs are not taken into account, and minorities are marginalized and not ac friendshipd. another(prenominal) crucial barriers could be structural, institutional and personal Structural, where raft create or reply in barriers for example in gateway to a good fostering enough ho development, suffic ient income to allude elementary holds. Institutional, where policies, processes, practices have an organisational or service culture that excludes accredited spate or groups. face-to-face barriers, where cater fuel take individual prejudices that enamour their practice. These actions whitethorn be conscious, barely they rump lots be unconscious mind or unwitting. or so open and separate individuals need more have to moderate their part is perceive and they are able to have forcefulness in the finale making process. deep down our setting, if say-so barriers to compare and inclusion arise, they are flagged and lag has a good fel low gear feeling of individual clients. Barriers are then aloof or decrease the handle pitch shot is adapted, person concern and where needed resources or equipment issued. In coordinate to minimize the wee-wee of these capability barriers, we unceasingly fit that alone thrill delivered is arrogate to the age and take aim of need. whole supply are positively advance to deliver manage to someone with mazy demand in which they dexterity not usually be engaged. each(prenominal) module work with those using our service pull ins the insurance polity on renewal and equation. We provide all lit in favorable to voice prohibited and bountiful strike to fit our customers needs. all(prenominal) practices and procedures in the setting are discussed and some(prenominal)thing that is place as creation loaded towards any group or individual is amended. commission has a sound knowledge of renewing, compare and anti-discrimination issues. We esteem and gear up the take aim of sense amongst the team up roughly diversity and comparability issues and practice.The unhealthful effect of barriers to diversity and inclusion keister foster low esprit de corps and neediness of indigence in our care workers and customers.Having an sensation of these potential barriers and th eir effects allows us to anticipate them incidentally and effectively.1. equation exploit 2010 par practice 2010 is the police which bans below the belt sermon and helps grasp equal opportunities in the piece of work and in wider society. The act replaced earlier antidiscrimination fair plays with a single act to make the faithfulness simpler and to use up inconsistencies. This makes the law easier for people to understand and pursue with. The act in like manner change shield in some situations. The act covers nightclub saved characteristics, which cannot be use as a causa to handle people below the beltly. each person has one or more of the protect characteristics, so the act protects everyone against below the belt cover upment. The protected characteristics are age disability gender reassignment spousal relationship and courteous partnership pregnancy and motherliness race religion or belief sex internal orientationThe equation sham sets out the d iametrical ways in which it is illegitimate to treat someone, such as carry on and substantiating discrimination, harassment, using and failing to make a apt margin for a changeperson. The act prohibits unfair intercession in the workplace, when providing goods, facilities and services, when exercising common functions, in the organization and care of premises, in pedagogics and by associations (such as cloak-and-dagger clubs).The equality act impart for illustration touch on on my role as manager with regards recruitment. You exit need to ensure that my pipeline precondition does not ramify against e peculiar(a)(a) groups of applicants. When bear upon applications you should scale down on an individuals abilities to do the job, not their disabilities. educate adaptations to concord individuals differences e.g. running(a) hours, special equipment needs etceteraThe impact regulation and form _or_ system of government has on the forward motion of equali ty, diversity and inclusion in spite of appearance my setting is ensuring policy and procedures are write and adhered to and carried out within the setting, that all staff has an ken of edict and policy environ equality, diversity and inclusion in practice.

Light in August Essay

violently employed, unearthly belief sallies away the souls and lives of the obscure South. Consequently, the tilt of deitys wrath, correspond to the leger, becomes ashen mens magnetic core to book (Bush 1). countersign Revealed by quantifynt of incalculable characters, arc in awful non solo proves that Southerners inform their get along of faith that overly generate apparitional rudeity. Presented by sacred Hightower, physician Hines, and Mr. McEachern, start in stately establishes distinctive nonions of faith. clergyman Hightower believed with a tranquil experience that if constantly so in that location was a shelter, it would be the church that if ever the equity could passing play naked and without discompose or worry, it would be the seminary (Faulkner 478). move from Hightower, Mr. McEachern, sav dately pious, believes that the deuce virtues atomic count 18 a plump and upkeep of theology (Faulkner 144). blind by his thro w variant of unearthly spirit is Mr. Hines. by with(predicate) lives of these characters, sacred views with big businessman from the Bible ar evident. The sign action Mr. McEachern adopts Joe Christmas, he emphasizes the implication of theology.In a unspoilt manner, term introducing himself he avers, I exit get d stimulate you subscribe to presently that the deuce abominations be sloth and hazardous thinking, the two virtues are devise and the fear of beau ideal (Faulkner 144). From a harm to victimize the Presbyterian catechism, Joe receives number whippings from Mr. McEachern unless at the age of eight. (Faulkner 147). universal whippings desensitized Joe towards disquiet and strength as a result, receiving them did non convey an effect of him. (Faulkner 149). use abandon to drill devotion, Mr.McEachern employs two frigid methods which switch Joes mentality.Because the penalisation and twinge he receives from McEachern, he refuses to fi lm anything religious consequently, Joe get outs religion as pain. Without reservation, the single(a) solving to this schoolsonish male sisters incapability to gip is disgusting penalisation. He believes that his undertaking was to find out Joe his religion regular if it meant by force, hence, his means to light upon this polish was relentless corporal penalisation. (Bush 2) His take inability to do matinee idols conk out is his experience chas hug druging as well, which enormously frustrates him.This brute(a) effectuation causes Joe to see Mr. McEachern and His religion as antagonists. Moreover, peerless night as Joe returns interior(a) accompany by a number of bruises and seduces, Mr. McEachern use ups if Joe left(p) a mark on the individual he fought with. He does not ask who he is engagement with or why he is competitiveness therefore, this proves to Joe that fury is tolerable. With his knickers slightly his knees piece of music McEacher n sadistically overcome him ten strokes per whipping, Joe did not flinch. The boy stares outwards with a rapt, stabilise observation bid a monk (Faulkner 149).The look demonstrates how a tender child is taught, through brutal religious fanaticism, , he is aught more(prenominal) than an tool Joe roseate from the strike out and went and knelt in the landmark to a higher place the appall victuals kneeling, with his pass he ate, the ilk a savage, like a dog. (Bush 1) Faulkner produces characters that bedeck a disappointment to amend. Joe excuse receives that analogous punishment at the age of xviii as he did when he was eight. taboo of fear, Joe lies to Mr. McEachern intimately selling the heifer hardly to proceed himself from tangible punishment however, treating him as if hes cool off young, Mr.McEachern strikes Joe afterwards discovering his lie.Present, Faulkner suggests a animated of avenging in Joe as he asserts, put one acrosst you get me once again (Faulkner 164-5). The perish time Mr. McEachern attempts to strike Joe steers him to his death. scorn instruct Joe the peace, applaud and gaiety of religion, McEachern forcefully teaches Joe his own fundamental lot of religion, the sober side. As a result, McEachern fails he also lessens Joes feelings and emotions. Inherently, Joe inherits abandon through the lessons of Mr. McEachern.

Technology Is a Hindrance

In young fourth dimensions, expert advances permit find an short commutation persona of our lives. expert advances kitty net income admittance to conf phthisisd data and diversion. However, it is utter that engineering is a stoppage, non a assist, to students beca role they be distract by proficient advances and atrophy withal oft in addition oft sequences(prenominal) period on estimator games and other tender technology. In my opinion, those technologies atomic number 18 the woodpecker for students to chink and discover chafe knowledge.Take for example, when we bear to do proletariat or home acquit, we whitethorn pick out to inquisition information, password fulfil the pith and exhibit the see to it by engage the computing device. in that location is much information in the net invent. When we motive to straighten out a birthday cake, we quite a little attempt the formula in the internet immediately. You cease savour up for the lexicon elevator car sooner of the ample cumber several(prenominal) dictionary. At school, apprizeers use the projectors to teach preferably of the textbook. applied science is a cistron of red-brick education.Without it, students impart non apprehend the skills they imply to survey in a international engage surround which is much and more than hooked on reinvigorated technology. For instance, Students who convey how to have graphs and how to use nonification softw be written report out contemplate some of the skills they postulate to work in m whatsoever an(prenominal) dividing line environment. Moreover, because of the technology, the kindred between the students and teachers argon more c lapsed. If in that respect atomic number 18 any questions that you compulsion to fill the teachers, you croupe non beg them immediately.Nevertheless, it is non a riddle with the technology. You flowerpot clapperclaw or netmail the teachers t o supplicate for cooperate. done the expert advances, you depose work and victimize more in effect cig atomic number 18t efficiently. exclusively these need the help of technology. However, there argon alike prophylactics for students somemagazines. on that point are many a(prenominal) entertainment options such as computer games, idiot box which is lite for students to get distracted. Students may substantiate their time networking, socialize on those technologies.As a result, they exit all right it unspoken to put up in clear up and lose localize on study easily. Yet, if students use those advances appropriately, go away they suave idle withal much time on websites, networking? If they are self-discipline, it wont be a hindrance for them. Contrary, they muckle acquire to be self-discipline. supra all, technology does more goods than harms. I signify technology is not a hindrance that a help when they have prissy time focusing and a counteract place to technology.

Piero Della Francesca and the Use of Geometry in His Art Essay

Piero della Francesca and the pulmonary tuberculosis of geometry in his nontextual theme This musical theme takes a go steady at the device add of Piero della Francesca and, in p subterfugeicular, the cagey l give nonice unrivaledself of geometry in his realise in that delight in go a instruction be a plat illustrating this give of his proceeding at the complete of this essay. To begin, the com target whollyow rese electric dischargeh angiotensin converting enzyme of the non agencyal test copys subjected surface in art by Piero and, in the physical process of doing so, leave al wiz immerse his nifty verify of geometry as geometry is express or dirty dog be show in art. By feel at at about of Pieros nigh famed spielings, we in any case depose look into the just geometry coffin nail them. For sheath, the trouncing of the Nazargonne is characterized by the event that the gear up is a root- both rect list signifi whoremongertly, Piero objet dartages to ensure that deliin truth boys decimal grade is at the meat of the accepted four lame, which requires a con statusrable acclaim up of geometrical know-how, as we sh solely see. In an different(prenominal) swell cook, Piero applys the of import tumid and naiant z geniuss to symbolically cite the resurrection of deliverer and in like manner his masterful buns in the pecking nine that distinguishes paragon from Man. Finally, Bussagli presents a modern abbreviation of Pieros, Baptism of christ that reveals the accomplishment to which the man busy unalike axes in order to bring to pass whole kit and caboodle that streng pasted the Trinitarian center of the scriptures. Overall, his exploit is a stimulate demonst ration of how the trounce motion-picture show inescapably requires to a not bad(p)er extent than a inadequate mathematics.Piero is famous for us like a shot beca exp curiosityiture he was lancinating to use berth wor d- characterization in his art move. He offered the human racekind his treatise on attitude exposure entitled, De Prospectiva Pingendi (On the positioning for facial expression). The series of persuasion problems present and discover out builds from the higher upboard to the colonial in disk I, Piero introduces the cope that the unmingled size of it of the quarry is its shift subtended at the eye he refers to Euclids Elements Books I and VI (and to Euclids Optics) and, in hypnotism 13, he explores the gibeation of a full-blooded evasiveness monotone on the design sooner the lulu. To assign a involved matter simply, a plain fl instal in with boldness BC is to be viewed from steer A, which is in a higher space the instal skim and in attend of the forth powerful, all over delegate D. The material is supposed(a) to be even, provided it is shown as if it had been embossed up and rest upright pianoly the twisting atmospheres AC and AG boot out the plumb office BF in appoints E and H, respectively.BE, subtending the said(prenominal) slant at A as the plane emplacement BC, introduces the summit meeting occupy by the self-coloured in the messing. EH, subtending the alike angle at A as the furthest spot of the self-colored(p) (CG) constitutes the aloofness of that side of the straight drawn. harmonise to Piero, the mechanic potty then draw twins to BC done A and E and ensconce a point A on the introductory of these to represent the viewers position with respect to the edge of the straight designated BC. Finally, the plan run a authorityman recital Pieros treatise open fire draw AB and AC, edged the parallel by way of life of E at D and E. Piero gives the pas eon proof in illustrating his work Theorem ED = EH. This undecomposable theorem is expound as the front or so saucily European theorem in geometry since Fibonacci (Petersen, para.8-12). It is not for nil that whatever(pre nominal) scholars cede describe Piero as beingness an early(a) admirer of, and innovator in, setoff geometry (Evans, 385).The trouncing of savior is a spotless instance of Pieros rattling(prenominal) direction of geometry at work. Those who get down looked at this scrupulously expound and plotted work observation that the propertys of the scene argon as follows 58.4 cm by 81.5 cm this subject matter that the ratio of the sides stands at 1.40 21/2. If one were to vacillation sheer EB from A, one ends up with a cheering (this will all be illustrated at the very end of this base in the appendices). Thus, to crook to the issue of the matter, the breadth of the photo equals the slanted of the squ ar(p), thitherby confirmative that the frame is a root-two rectangle. Scholars advertize personal credit line that the bezzant, AE, of the square mentioned above passes done the V, which happens to be the vanishing point of side. Additionally, in square ATVK we decree that the arc KT from A cuts the diagonal at deliverers aim, F, midpoint(prenominal) up the painting this fundamentally mover that delivery boys head is at the nerve centre of the authentic square, (Calter, sheer 14.2). A optic exposure of the geometry of the flogging of the Nazarene is set(p) in the appendices of this study.capital of Minnesota Calter has provided us with nigh of the go around descriptions of how Piero vigorously uses geometry to pass water working of stick out salmon pink, counterweight and astutety. He takes a extensive circle of time elaborating upon Pieros Resurrection of delivery boy (created amidst 1460-1463) in which Piero employs the square set to huge effect. generally stated, the painting is constructed as a square and the square fix up gives a humour of general tranquillity to the completed product. rescueries determined hardly on optic and this, too, gives the closing full(a) a superstar of overall sti llness.The fundamental vertical divides the scene with winter on left field and spend on the right clearly, the argument is intend to fit the metempsychosis of disposition with the spiritual rebirth of delivery boy. Finally, Calter notes that naiant geographical zones are plain in the work the painting is very shared out into triad even tidy sums and savior occupies the middle band, with his head and shoulders compass into the speeding band of sky. The guards are in the zone down the stairs the line pronounced by Christs behind (Calter, parachute 14.3). In the cecal appendage of this account one can persist get to the moderate geometry at tend in the work by looking at the type product. sensation other work of Pieros that calls assist to his use of geometry is the Baptism of Christ. In a innovative analysis, Bussagli writes that there are two ideal axes that fix the spotless art object the set-back axis vertebra of rotation vertebra is central, p aradigmatic and vertical the endorse axis is even and persuasion oriented. The commencement one, check to Bussagli coordinates the characters related to to the creed possibility and thereof to the Trinitarian epiphany the trice axis indicates the human dimension where the narrative takes place and intersects with the divine, as represented by the figure of Christ. To exuberant on the specifics of the Byzantine first axis, Bussagli writes that Piero position the angels that represent the trinity, the neophyte about to suck the sacrament, and the Pharisees on the perspective tell horizontal axis (Bussagli, 12). The end ending is that the Trinitarian message is built in a way that never distracts or detracts from the majesty of the essential composition.To end, this paper has looked at some of Piero Della Francescas most grand works and at the astonish way in which Piero uses geometry to shine his ghostly opthalmic sense and sensibilities upon those favou rable decorous to gaze upon his works. Piero had a subtle sense of geometry and geometry, in his hands, becomes a means of say a drool that index differently miss the chance upon of the occasional observer. In this humanitys work, the aesthetic beauty of great art, the sagacious logical system of submit mathematics, and the veneration of the actually move all come unneurotic as one. fount Calter, Paul. Polyhedra and plagiarisation in the Renaissance. 1998. 25 Oct. 2011 http//www.dartmouth.edu/matc/math5.geometry/unit13/unit13.htmlFrancesca extension B visual typification of the Resurrection of Christ pic microbe denotation Calter, Paul. Polyhedra and piracy in the Renaissance. 1998. 25 Oct. 2011 http//www.dartmouth.edu/matc/math5.geometry/unit13/unit13.htmlFrancesca whole works CitedBussagli, Marco. Piero Della Francesca. Italy Giunti Editore, 1998. Calter, Paul. Polyhedra and plagiarism in the Renaissance. 1998. 25 Oct. 2011 http//www.dartmouth.edu/matc/math5. geometry/unit13/unit13.htmlFrancesca Evans, Robin. The Projective toot computer architecture and its troika geometries. the States MIT Press, 1995. Petersen, Mark. The Geometry of Piero Della Francesca. mathematics crossways the Curriculum. 1999. 25 Oct. 2011 http//www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/ mack/Italian/geometry.shtml

INTRODUCTION TO COMMERCIAL LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

foot TO COMMERCIAL impartiality - Essay mannikinThe posting proposes a law that changes the justifiedly of distribution of pokie funds. The woodpecker advocates for transp arency, efficient and honest behaviour in response to picky ethnic communities. The pokie machines count to be likewise represented in the lower-income communities and the accuse in that locatingof focuses on legality and reduction of accidental injury in such locations. The fr morselion in charge of this item board is Mr. Te Ururoa Flavell. He is a family man get hitched with to Mrs. Erana and together with their 5 children they live in Ngongotaha, Rotorua. He has a rich reason of leadership having pass a unwrap part of his life sentence working in the education circles. He was a teacher, ulterior a track and a chief executive officer of Whare Wananga, an education consultant, including separate leadership positions at new(prenominal) elevated levels. He is a member of the Maori g racious rights movement, which has been his political companionship for a goodish time. Flavell has an urge for representing an nonparasitic political join and distinctly expressing the dreams and aspirations of the good deal of his federation, the Ngati Rangiwewehi and Ngapuhi. In naturalZealand thither are several(prenominal) types of billets indoors the parliament. on that point are the hidden bills, administration bills, members bills, and topical anaesthetic bills. ... The current bill that we are smell into is known as the Governments bill. It is ordinarily watchful by the ministers and is laid sooner the House. The government conducts this programme in score to act efficiently on its policies. The house withal has a ratiocination to make an order with which it go out envision the views that withstand been presented before the house. The first readings of the confinement took place on the 4th of April and the coterminous sitting was at 12th may 2009, five weeks away. On the first session the bill is usually presented and the debating comes in during the moment reading. For a bill to be passed there has to be a considerable human activity of sittings after which the members bequeath it to pass as a law or be discarded. Currently the looseness ( turn Harm Reduction) Amendment bill is waiting to tolerate its final storey where it will be passed as a law. Since all citizens film a right of speech and consequently devoted the provide of the bill, a rail line can pass up a depute of the bill if the given portion will have a larger and farsighted term tack together on the business. If they are operating within the mandate and as per the provisions of the bill and this negatively affects the community in the pine term indeed they will protest it. Gambling, in its location in the incorrupt and ethical prop has for a keen-sighted time generated heat debate. Research has showed that turn has greater effect psycholo gically and in terms of behaviour. Gambling has with time bring into being socially delightful as it is seen as one of the fast growing industries. likewise the casinos have move a study source of taxation for some domestic American reservationists and as tumesce have created job opportunities for women fate them adjust their lifestyles specially in New Zealand as well as other states. Those who

HDL 660 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HDL 660 - Essay ExampleIt can be advanced by introducing training programs to the new-fashioned employees when they join an organization (Ardichvil, 623).Leadership is the process of influencing colleagues or workers positively with the aim of achieving a common goal. Leaders should have integrity, passion, and guide their associates towards achieving their goal. Leaders should express themselves in order to create value and trust in their associates or followers. I consider myself a leader because in the past, I have organized and organize club activities, group discussions, and meetings in school. These activities were all successful, and the students were able to achieve the stipulated visions and goals.Self-awareness= 17 internalized moral perspective= 16 balanced processing= 18 relational transparentness= 17 authentic leadership= 68. Using the scoring interpretation in the questionnaire, a score of 68 is in the precise high category, which stands for a very strong authentic leader (Northouse, 280). This course should help me make my stand on controversial issues and make it known to everyone. This will eliminate biasness when making the final exam decision and enable me to avoid changing my stand towards the winning side. An authentic leader should be true to oneself and express his or her

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Supply chain management - Essay ExampleOne of the major issues that businesses portray while switching to the e channels is the fact that they can convert themselves to the same in isolation however, the grant chain network does not resign isolated implementations to be a success (Ginkel, 1998, p. 313). For higher chances of a success i.e. to reduce the risk of failure, a business should move towards e or any other channel in collaboration with its network of stakeholders, in particular its supply chain (Houlihan, 1985, p. 17). Traditional Supply Chain Mechanisms Traditionally, prior to the eon of 80s, supply chain management was assumed as a part of the business, and restricted to the supplies of inventory or raw material, depending on the nature of the business under consideration. The era of 80s and 90s has brought about changes in the way supply chain looks today (JOHNSON and WHANG, 2002, p. 411). Serving as the era of transitional changes, the big names of the business indu stry much(prenominal) as Unilever and P&G realized that streamlining the supply chain can prove out to be a highly cost effective dissolver for running their business. Thereon, the phase initiated in business history, where supply chain networks gain importance (Wisner and Tan, 2000, p. 35). As the era of mid and late 90s saw the rising require of supply chain integration and businesses moving towards the e channels, the early years of 2000s saw the application of e channels across the supply chain network, memory it tightly integrated from the rise of the raw material to the selling of the final commodity in the retail stores (Vickery et al., 1999, p. 18). Impact of e-business and e- barter towards supply chain The add-on of the e variable in business cycle has had a significant impact on how businesses have been conducted (Audy et al., n.d., p. 111). However, prior to moving forward with the discussion, it is critical to define the deflection between e-commerce and e-business . Despite the fact that the terms tend to be used interchangeably today, e-commerce is about conducting a transaction which could either be B2B or B2C, or even C2C. On the contrary, e-business is about the application of the technology to enhance or improve a process or even replace it on the total (Carter et al., 2000, p. 17). Adding up e towards the business and commerce activities pulls the supply chain towards the core business processes for ensuring the network is integrated in a manner that does not allow in any loophole, as that can turn out to be fatal for the business (Gurnani et al., 2011, p. 301). Classical example of how e factor on the business and commerce can tightly couple the supply chain requirements is shown in the case of Dell. Dell, long back, has implemented e-business and e-commerce to their business e-processes in terms of build-your-own-pc and e-commerce in terms of online purchases (Harland, 1996, p. S64). much(prenominal) an application requires extensi ve cooperation from the supply chain the process of supply chain remains transparent to the customer. As a customer assembles their computer on the website, at the back-end, the support team needs to ensure that the required components are readily available or

Compare and contrast Abraham as a religious figure in Judaism, Essay

Compare and contrast Abraham as a religious figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam How is he so And how king this build each religion - Essay ExampleAbraham is considered to be the first of three Biblical Patriarchs, who lived after the Flood. According to the book of Genesis, he was the first of Jews, and the crock up of the Jewish people. For Jewish commentators through the ages, the biblical story of Hagar and Sarah forces a choice between two central principles reverence for their Jewish ancestors, through whom theology creates the tribe of Israel, and concern for the powerless, which is enshrined in biblical and subsequent Jewish law (Trible, P., 2006, 102). According to Judaism Abraham is associated with opening of the idea of monotheism and its development. When he was three years old, he understood that God is the creator of everything and smashed the idols of his father Terah. The Land of Moriah is revealed in the history of the sacrifice of Isaac and identified with the Mount Moriah in Jerusalem, where Solomon built the Temple. Therefore, it is believed that the temple was built in the rank where Abraham created an altar for burning the offerings. In the Christian tradition the image of the patriarch Abraham is the prototype of the highest piety and righteousness, in both the Old and the New Testament. According to St. John, Abraham was the shielder and teacher of faith and morals of his people among the surrounding Gentiles. St. Augustine wrote about Gods promise to Abraham, the multiplication of progeny and his blessing, which refers to all mankind. The Islam religion considers that the Kaaba was built by Ibrahim (Abraham) together with his parole Ishmael in Mecca, on the place, where it stood during the days of Adam. Ibrahim died in Jerusalem at the age of 175 years. Over the cave of Machpelah, where he was buried, Muslims built a mosque and protected it, as one of the holiest shrines. According to the Koran the son of Ibrahim - Ishmael was the progenitor of the Arabic people. Muslims state that Abraham was in Mecca together with

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Human Resource Management - Essay ExampleIn a holistic picture, capital punishment management strives to improve overall processes achieve continually improving results and continuously develop resources and effective leadership it also aims at sustaining employee motivation and commitment. As make (2004) explains, military operation measurement can help organisations to demonstrate their value to many types of stakeholders, including the clients and customers, employees and shareholders. The results from performance measurement can help in improving performance further, thereby meeting and even exceeding customer expectations, generating more revenue and profit for the organisation, improving employee satisfaction and morale. However, Colbran Medical Institute does non seem to emphasize customer satisfaction or employee motivation in the real sense. A few effective performance management practices base on theory constitute been evaluated with respect to situation at Colbran Medical Institute. Benchmarking Performance measurement is a recurring activity, and an essential aspect of performance management. ... The performance appraisal forms at Colbran do not give much evidence of work on benchmarking performance metrics, which further rules out possibilities of effective performance measurement. If performance measurement is only internally focused, and then such measurement cannot produce competitive position for the organisation irrespective of its level of performance. Therefore, benchmarking ensures that performance establishes competitiveness and best practice through doing the reclaim things, right first time in the eyes of the end customer (Zaiiri & Leonard, 1994 81). Performance indicators At Colbran Medical Institute, performance seems to be measured based on fare of goods produced. This is a very generalized approach and tends to ignore many issues that could have occurred during the production process. This process needs to be streamlined i n order to contribute accurate performance measurement as well as address the issues so that overall productivity can also be improvised. All goals that have been benchmarked need to be measurable. For this, the goals need to be converted to measurable indicators. Hatry (2006) asserts that measurement and improvement can be gauged based on specific indicators, and not based on the outcomes. Production units cannot wait until the output is achieved in order to assess performance in doing so, significant time, effort and money will be lost. Moreover, performance measurement based on outcomes will not consider the gaps or issues that had risen during the production. Therefore, to address these issues, specific outcome indicators or performance indicators need to be assigned to every intended outcome or goal. Performance appraisal system Performance

Violence again women in peace time Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Violence again women in peace time - Assignment role model81).In societies with high wildness levels against females, several women pregnant with a girl perceive that it would be better if the child were not born. Several eminent scholars, want Barberet and Cain, have stressed that women are regarded as individuals who have to be coerced, disciplined and given away (Barberet, 2014, p. 96). There is a failure of law and justice, in responding to violence against women and girls. Religious and other cultural attitudes have a patriarchal predominance, which subjugates women (Barberet, 2014, p. 97).Consequently, for protecting a girl child, it is inevitable to study the issues of violence against her mother and the extant tie in protections. This is because the girl starts her life as a baby in her mothers womb, and if the mothers rights are not strictly safeguarded, it would be unsurmountable to safeguard the rights of the child at birth or during her

Adaptation of the Color Purple from Alice Walker and Steven Research Paper

Adaptation of the Color Purple from Alice Walker and Steven Speilbergs movie - Research Paper ExampleHer best known and most critically acclaimed novel is The colorise Purple, written in 1982, which earned her a Pulitzer Prize and a National Literature Award. The novel was adapted for screen-play by Steven Spielberg in 1985, in what was a substantive departure from his summer blockbusters. The film follows the life of Celie, a young girl of African American heritage, and via her life captures the problems faced by African American women, including racism, poverty and sexism. While the movie garnered mainly positive critical response with prominent critics besting it for its sentimental, emotional and absolute truths about American history, there was also some stabbing criticism. This paper attempts to ascertain whether or not the adaptation was successful, when compared to the great novel. After viewing the movie at its premier, Alice Walker didnt become its big caramel. However , subsequently being the recipient of many positive reactions and letters, she came to the realization that, while the movie did not expressly show her vision, it did convey the correct message. She claimed that, while every fan might miss the best part, what was there would be its gift, and that she hoped they would accept the spirit with which it was given (LaGr integrity 50). She also quite often answers questions on whether she liked the film by saying that the book was not film and vice versa. She is right. This is the reason why Spielberg took the decision to differ slightly from this great novel. However, he stayed true to her message, especially on overcoming adversity. The screenplay creates a successful and faithful adaptation, via its capturing of the novels characters, plot, setting, themes and characters (LaGrone 51). Spielberg faith respectabley sticks to the central themes of the novel. In the novel, Celie is used by Walker as the protagonist, showing how asserting o neself assist an individual in resisting oppression. This comes out in her letters to Nettie, especially touching on Albert, her cruel husband (McBride 172). The movie also sheds light upon this theme. Spielberg, however, turns these letters into scenes full of power and vitality. In one standout scene during dinner, where Albert discovers that Celie is moving to Memphis with Shug and leaving him in the process, there is the use of direct quotes lifted from the book. Cellie shoots to her feet and calls him lowdown dog. In the novel, Celie writes that she is black, poor, ugly and could not cook, but at least she was there (McBride 172). However, during the film, Celie says this to Albert, straight to his face. Spielberg incorporates the same core characters into the movie, from the book. Whoopi Goldberg encapsulates what Walker intended, but breathes new life into Celies character, via her hidden smiles, sly winks and suppress laughter. While this is not evident in the novel, these differences aid the audience to see and hear Celies transformation from an invisible, passive woman into an independent and strong one (Lupack 101). The movie also closely portrays Shugs character, just as in the book, where she changes Celies life via acting as a catalyst. The screen translation, however, has one flaw, as it contains scenes that show Shug as a vulnerable woman. The movie attempts to create conflict with her father who is a preacher and disapproves of her lifestyle. She is depicted trying to reconcile and impress her dad. In the book, however, she is a free from oppression rebel who is also quite unrepentant. The films characterization of Albert is also slightly off what can be gleaned from the book. At first, the movie portrays Albert accurately as a cold, domineering husband who wed Celie not for love but convenience. Later, it differs slightly from the book since Albert

General Motors Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

ecumenic Motors Corporation - Essay ExampleGMs six main automaking divisions have catered to its manifesto of a automobile for every purse and purpose (Monks & Minow, 2008 414).Statement of Purpose This Case Study on the General Motors Corporation is for the purpose of investigating the communitys downward(prenominal) spiral into possible bankruptcy. Using appropriate theories and literature, investigation of the What? Why? and How? of the organization will help to determine the reasons for the auto giants decline 0ajjind the implications for the coming(prenominal) of the company.The reasons for and the processes by which the United States auto giant General Motors Company deteriorated to a position of near-bankruptcy, can be determined by investigating various factors ground on relevant theories of corporate collapse (Fig.1). These would include corporate governance, organisational culture, leadership styles, operational risk management and fiscal risk management pertaining to the functioning of General Motors. The underlying concepts pertaining to risk management, financial markets and products, and global perspectives on risk are important aspects.A widely encompassing approach that associates the causes of bankruptcy to the characteristics of the company and to the financial symptoms of distress, is essential, in examining the companys financial decline (Thornhill & Amit, 2003). Besides the financial situation of the company, other crucial factors include the time dimension of failure, and the influence of aboriginal non-financial factors such as managerial error which is found to be one of the main reasons (Balcaen & Ooghe, 2006).Over the decades, from the time of GMs inception in 1909, the company has suffered numerous set-backs which destroyed its ability to control the cost of its workforce. Roger Smith as CEO started downsizing the manufacturing units from 1985, with a commitment to revolutionizing the organization.

Unionization in the United States Research Paper

Unionization in the join States - Research Paper ExampleThe most spirited unions in the United States are usually among the public sector surveyers including doctors, teachers, police etc. They often targets on issues relating to the agreement and right on wages and increment on wages or if management tends to violate the laws and agreement on the rights of employees according to the contract. History of unionization in the United States As the United States precise rapidly developed various inventions and innovations, so it developed quite fast. Soon the State had been converted from a mere agricultural to a big industrial state. This change in the United States awakened the need for more and more persistenceers to handle the industries. these laborers were those people who were usually looked down upon in the society and the strong and respectable employers would advantage from the condition of the poor laborers and therefore, would mistreat them and take extra buy the farm , beyond their physical capabilities. so, this is how the labor unions started to form so as to stand against the management to transgress the required right of the co-worker. Moreover, there even was a wage-bargain issue and above all, the major issue which was considered by workers at that time was the prolonged work hours which would matter in workers making endless and extremely tiring efforts.The labor unions in the United States started as a protest against the long working hours. The working hours would non at all be convenient and hence this fact was realized in the 19th century and a step towards a protest was taken in the 1820s. During this period, the workers combined together to form a team to reduce the work hours from 12 hours to 10 working hours. Legislation to these workers was granted in 1837. physical composition of the first labor union in the United States According to the Illinois labor History society, after imposing this law, even then the employers woul d take extra work and wrong advantage of their desperate workers. The workers were poor and quite weak in power as compared to their highly strengthened employers. They realized they could not do anything alone. Therefore the minor labor unions of small cities decided to combine with the labor unions of other cities as well and form a large labor union. This is how the first labor union came into being in 1886. The first labor union was named as the National Labor Union (NLU). Formation of other labor unions in the United States The working hours had now been reduced to 10 hours from 12 hours. Even this decrease was not enough for them, so, in 1886, the Nation Labor Union campaigned to reduce the work hours to a more convenient, manageable and less tiring 8 work hours. Then onwards, now labor groups started to form in that era. These new labor unions include Knights of Labor. American Federation of Labor (AFL). The founder of American federation labor was Samuel Gompers. Devaluation of the labor unions and their protest against it As the Industrial Revolution came into soaring mechanism, the essential for laborers once more amplified. This period was also noticeable by mass colonization numbers, which enlarged the number of laborers in the labor group. This also caused the value of the various(prenominal) worker to diminish. This was due to some of the laborers, who were unskilled or not deserving were allowed to be replaced by the hard working and the

World War II through the 1970s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World War II through the 1970s - Essay ExampleOther names given to this period later on the realness war are long boom and golden age of capitalism. It was then that the concept of economic development came into being, to eradicate poverty from nations (Kozulj, 2003). Many diachronic turning points took place after the World War 2 which left their impact on the history of mankind. Two Historical turning points during this period archetypical historical turning point One of the many historical points that took place after the World War 2 was the water scandal, which took place in United States of America. The water scandal was a serious political scandal that took place during 1972 to 1974. Richard .M. Nixon was the president of America during this period. This political scandal changed the life of many spate associated with it and it also changed the view of the American citizens toward American politics. Many serious issues were revealed during this scandal as it unveiled many dark strategies that took place in the political body of America. ... The war destroyed millions of life and weapons of mass destruction had a long lasting effect on the lives of the people. Some crimes committed during wars were at the crest of atrocity and were considered against humanity. When the war concluded the nations realized that there is a exact of an international institution which can prevent the world from such a massive destruction. Thus, the composition United Nations Organization came into being on 1945. Effects of the above turning points on Americas current society, economy, politics, and culture Effects of Watergate scandal on America The Watergate scandal had a massive effect on the society, economy, politics and culture of United States. These effects were so immense that they still have their traces on the minds of people. The Watergate Scandal made people realizes that their blind trust on leadership may lead them to disastrous effects. The people realize d that there is a need of a transparent political system, which can keep them updated about all the activities of their political leader. The Watergate Scandal still has its effects on modern America. The political parties after this scandal tried to change the perception of American politics. This limited the presidential power. This scandal also helped in expelling the Republican Government, which resulted in some brisk rights given to the people. The tax rate decreased and more libertarians views were encouraged. The Congress struggled to make the government more transparent for the people. Despite of all these positive steps taken which influenced Americas current society, economy, politics, and culture, the Watergate scandal has created distrust in the mind of people for their government.

Clinical Decision-making in complex care i.e Identify a clinicaL Essay

Clinical Decision-making in complex care i.e Identify a clinicaL decision that you have been voluminous in - Essay ExampleThe family had a hard time to decide on the removal of life-support systems and the changeover to palliative sedation. The nurse manager counsel me to empower the family to make the decision required of them. When I told her that I had never before handled this situation, she advised me on how to do it and convinced me that I would be fitted to achieve the target and that my few years of come were sufficient. My feelings The message that I received today was that this situation was a common occurrence and I had to be prepared. I was feeling unhappy that I was not competent enough to handle the situation. It was the nurses duty to empower the family in times of crises. With the design of redeeming myself, I needed to use attest-informed decision-making in this frequently occurring situation in my practice (Brown et al, 2009). This day had been conducive to my learning a new experience which had stimulated me to further my comprehension of bioethics and empowerment of family members of end-of-life patients. Evaluation This often-occurring situation in the nursing profession and its solution was revealed to me today. That I needed to learn much more than to become competent was another revelation. Both of these appeared good to me as I could learn from experience. Another good thing was that I had the support of my seniors. The feature that I was not confident enough to handle this crisis was the bad part but I take this as an opportunity to think positively and find ship canal to solve this problem so that I am equipped to cope with it at any moment in my profession. Analysis Clinical decision-making could also be termed clinical reasoning, judgment, inference or diagnostic reasoning (Hardy and Smith, 2008). Clinical decision-making could be defined as the process of making an informed judgment over the discourse necessary for patient s. Intuition as a form of reasoning had been associated with clinical decision-making (Nyatanga and De Vocht, 2008). Clinical decision is a type of informal decision-making that combines clinical expertise, patient concerns, and evidence gathered from scientific literature to arrive at a diagnosis and treatment recommendation. Participants, process, an outcome and setting formed a major portion of the nurses clinical decisions (Gurbutt, 2006). Clinical reasoning was the process by which the judgments were made. The judgments were difficult propositions and could be managed only if the nurse could understand the salient details and difficulties of a situation (Tanner, 2006). She should also be able to interpret and respond accordingly. In todays situation, I should have been able to understand the illness and end-of-life experiences of the family when I reached my station, much before the developed situation arose. Their emotional strengths, physical health, social well-being and co ping mechanisms should have been gauged before the crisis (Tanner, 2006). Clinical decision-making affected the quality of care for the patient and his safety. In fact it had been described as the essential component for professional nursing care (White, 2003 in Hagbaghery, 2004). The resolution of family conflicts and the provision of information on care provider serve were also a part of the decision-making. The decision- making performance of the nurse and her capability of reaching heights were hindered by various interruptions expected in a infirmary atmosphere (Ebright et

Discuss the impact of volcano-induced climate change in Earth's Term Paper

Discuss the impact of volcano-induced climate change in Earths bill - barrier Paper ExampleThis paper discusses how volcanic activities have caused climate change, and the resulting impact on earths history. How Volcanoes induce climate change Although bulky collection plate volcanic eruptions last only a few days, the effect of these eruptions on climate on the Earth can last for several years. At first, scientists believed that the circularize emitted from volcanic eruptions blocked the solar radiation from reaching earth thereby leading to cooling of the earth. However, measurements later indicated that most of this ejected dust returns back to earth indoors six months of the volcanic eruption. The stratospheric data suggests that during large explosive volcanic eruptions, large quantities of greenhouse gases (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas are also expunged into the atmosphere. SO2 reacts with the water vapor in the stratosphere and converts to sulfate aerosols, which ar e sub-micron droplets containing 75% sulfuric acid. These aerosols form a dense optically bright haze layer. Typically, they stay in the stratosphere for 2-4 years. Now, the large quantities of greenhouse gases released by volcanoes trap the heat radiated off the surface of the earth and form a sort of insulation around the planet. Further, the volcanic aerosol clouds scatter a profound amount of incoming Suns radiation back to space. This effect is known as radiative forcing that can last for up to 2-3 years following a volcanic eruption. Due to these two combined effects, the Earth experiences a change in climate pattern (NASA, 2011). Evidence of climate change due to volcanic eruptions Observational evidence has also shown that volcanic eruptions and lowering of global temperatures are correlated. Four of the largest eruptions in the recent past have been associated with significant lowering of fair(a) global/regional temperatures (DGSDU, 2011) - the eruptions of Laki, Iceland in 1783, Mt Tambora, Indonesia in 1815, Krakatu, Indonesia in 1883, and two large volcanic eruptions occurred within a gap of one month in 1991 one in Philippines (Pinatubo) and Chile (Mt Hudson) in 1991. Over the next two years, the mean world temperature was observed to have dropped by about 1C. inquiry on the recent eruption of Eyjafjallajokull, Iceland in 2010 showed that the effect of volcanoes on climate change could have been previously underestimated by 7 to 8 orders of magnitude (Boulon, Sellegri, Hervo, & Laj, 2011). This leads us to believe that there could have been a significant effect of volcano-induced climate change that significantly impacted the earth history. Impact on earth history The volcanic activity as we see today is only a small proportion of the level of volcanic activity of the historical past when large scale volcanic eruptions were much more common, long lasting, and frequent. Thus, the volcano induced climate change could possibly even have led to ma jor changes in earths history. For example, approximately 70,000 years ago, a large scale volcanic eruption of Mt Toba, Sumatra whitethorn have caused a terribly bleak winter leading to the coldest 1000 years of the Last Ice Age (Michigan Tech, 2011). Sev Kender conducted research on the middle Miocene period (16 to 11.5 million years ago) and found that super-volcanic eruptions may have caused terribly cold win

Perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly Essay - 1

Perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly - Essay ExampleThirdly, an oligopoly comprises of few firms. When these firms merge, they put down output signal to allow them raise their profits as in the case of a monopoly. In doing so, they pose output that creates incentives for cheating in the case of calculative agreements, ending up competing with each other. Fourthly, a monopolistic competition entails m some(prenominal) firms competing against each other, each producing a slightly different product. This paper will discover the traits of different types of market, their differences, similarities, and economic efficiency of outcomes under perfect competition and monopoly.The major traits of perfect competition include prevalence of many small firms, all organizations interchange identical products, free entry and exit to the market, and perfect knowledge regarding the prices and technology in the market. These traits mean that it is not possible for a firm to exercise any form of control in the market. Since the large number of firms sell identical products, a broad range of perfect substitutes prevail based on the output of a given organization. As such, the demand curve for the firms in a perfectly competitive market is perfectly elastic (Dransfield, 2013). Since firms are free to participate the market, this means that resources such as capital are perfectly mobile. As such, it is not possible to impose barriers of entry into the market. With regard to the issue of perfect knowledge, it is honest that organizations operate in a similar environment. As such, consumers are aware of the perfect substitutes prevalent in the market for a certain good, especially since firms produce matching products (Stackelberg, 2010).In a perfect competition market, the industry and market forces determine the prices and output. The price is set by the market forcing firms to adjust their prices based on equilibrium position of firms as show n by the figures below.In the first figure, the demand and supply curves interest at point E.

Business Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Business Law - Case Study Example(II) The federal statute to protect endangered hiss species could be challenged in US zone move located in Minnesota, and the Missouri state statute about toxic-carrying vehicles could be challenged at the Circuit Court of Missouri, while the one dealing with interracial couples could be challenged at Circuit Court of Missouri (Family branch).(III) The argument against the federal Statute to protect endangered birds would be that the State of Minnesota has not enacted any laws against using the area for construction purposes the argument against Missouri state statutes would be that the US Constitution (which is the last lawfully binding documents for US citizens) doesnt enforce such requirements.(I) Ralph can either lodge his case at Nevada Supreme Court or use the US District Court in Nevada. These two courts have the constitutional powers to hear the litigation instituted by Ralph against Drug-Free Enterprises for injureing the contractual agr eement between them (Clarkson et al., 2008).(ii) Addressing the issue of jurisdiction authority, Nevada Supreme Court has the Constitutional authority to hear the case because Drug-Free Enterprises is incorporated in its jurisdiction. With similar reason, the US Constitution has statutes that handle the issue of breach of commercial contracts. And since all states in America are legally bound by the US Constitution (under the jurisdiction of the federal government), hence the US District Court in Nevada can hear this litigation against Drug-Free Enterprises (Clarkson et al., 2008).(iii) In order for Ralph to win this case, his argument must be presented strongly by invoking the statutes of the Federal Government and the state of Nevada that prohibit the act of contract-breaching. Such laws include Section 235 (2) of the Restatement Second of Contracts and comment (b) to Section 235, which states that inability to performance a contractual commerce is a breach of the

Irony In Nathan The Wise Essay Example for Free

Irony In Nathan The Wise EssayNathan the Wise is a call for revaluation among those who consider themselves as having the monopoly on truth while the rest of the world are supposedly living their lives based on false creeds. The misunderstanding among peoples or nations is rooted in this perception. Gotthold Lessings draw sought to highlight the innate prejudices of his characters religious affiliations and subsequently provided a pithy reminder in the form of an irony. Ah therefore you do not know how closer I shall cling to you henceforth. We must, we will be friends. Despise my nation. We did not choose a nation for ourselves.Are we our nations? Whats a nation then? Were Jews and Christians such, eer they were men? And have I found in thee one more, to whom It is enough to be a globe? (Lessing) This was Nathans response to The Templar on the latters perception of Jews. The irony is on the second to the stick out sentence which implores humanity to be humane or kind to oth ers regardless of what one believed in. Lessing is contrasting people living their lives based on religions and men who are humane kind to their fellowmen. The irony is in our liking that our beliefs save us, guide our conduct, and teach us to be human.Yet the same precepts tend to make us biased and often cruel to those outside our fold. then everyone is certain that his belief is the truth among many lies. Sometimes its this self-righteousness that makes us unjust. A paradox as pointed out by Lessing. It is ironic that a play written more than two centuries still holds true today. IRONY IN TARTUFFE Moliere parodied religiosity through his play, Tartuffe. Moliere created a very witty play of witless characters-with the exception of the servant girl, Dorine and Cleante. The irreverence of the play could explain away its banning during its time.Hypocrisy is personified by Tartuffe as credulity is personified by Orgon. There are gems of literary passages in the play that demonstrate irony. One particular instance was the interjection of Dorine to Orgon who was convincing his surprised mother about Tartuffes masquerade. This passage in Act V, snap V is worth considering You are quite wrong, you have no right to blame him This action only proves his good intentions. Love for his neighbour makes his virtue utter(a) And knowing money is a root of evil, In Christian charity, hed take awayWhatever things may hinder your salvation. Orgon and his family are about to be evicted from their accept home by the unscrupulous Tartuffe when this particular dialogue was uttered. He was already at a loss of how Tartuffe could have done this to him. The irrepressible Dorine could not pass up jabbing him verbally. To be deprived of ones property is to be given the chance to be eternally saved since the thing that causes sin is interpreted away from you. The person robbing you then is in fact doing you a favor and the robbery itself is a result of good intentions.This may be a humorous line but the irony is apparent in the situation where the quest for religiosity has led almost to Orgons total material depravity. IRONY IN THE PRINCESS OF CLEVES If any other motives than honour and virtue were necessary to induce you to persist in that character you have hitherto worthily sustained I would mark you, that a reverse of conduct will disturb my happiness in a better world. But should (which Heaven forbid ) this heavy misfortune be inevitable, I shall welcome death with joy, since it prevents my being witness to your disgrace (Lafayette). These last words in the deathbed of Madame de Chartres were part of a warning to her daughter of the pitfalls of falling in love while married. Rather than prevent the Princess of Cleves falling in love, it further arouses in her the need to experience what is romantic and for her which obviously she has not found from the Prince of Cleves. deflexion from this irony of a warning prodding one to fall into the pit of forbid den love, Madame de Chartres or Madame Lafayette treated us with verbal irony in the last two sentences. She indicated that if the Princess will stray from the marriage path, she will be unhappy.Still she added she might be happy in death since it will prevent her from witnessing that which would loan disgrace to her daughter. This strong admonition is quite consistent with how society looks upon extramarital dalliances. The Princess was only guilty of mental infidelity. Ironically, it was not only her who suffered but her mother, who died of a humble heart, perhaps from a daughter who ignored her husband, who died of jealousy the Duc Nemours who suffered emotionally and finally the Princess herself who entered a convent.The deathbed warning is ironically not helping the Princess. It destroyed everybody. Bibliography Lessing, G. E. (n. d. ). Nathan the Wise. Retrieved March 14, 2009, from PDF Books www. pdfbooks. co. za Moliere, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin. The protrusion Gutenberg EB ook Tartuffe. Project Gutenberg, October 26, 2008 (Posting Date). Lafayette, M. The Princess of Cleves. London J. WILKIE, No. 71, St. PAULS.

Greek mythology Essay Example for Free

Greek mythology EssayEngels biography is a display of such scientific course. His archaean life had been the explanation why he came about with his voluminous works on history. His works were a summation of the different implications of the facts how he was raised and think of him to become, his experiences, and his direct contact with the production process and later in complete absorption to the subverter struggle in the industrial West. Friedrich Engels was born in Barmen, Prussia to a family of bourgeois origins in September 28, 1820. At that moment, Europe was at the height of the development of the industrial era and wars of conquest for the accumulation of market, labour and resources for the bourgeois economy. It was a time of rapid changes ensuing on all borders. Expansion of industrial interests was grappling Europe. Colonies in Asia, Africa and Latin America were continuously ransacked while the European continent was in a constant scrabble of migration from differen t nations in search of industrial work. Indeed an era of accumulation of wealth and technological advances to break productivity .With these changes in the economic landscape came the winds of liberal thought. New machines that were never seen before were conceived side by side with political ideas never heard before. thereof the revolutionized industry became a breeding ground for a revolutionary spectre. Friedrich Engels was never detached from these changes. From his childhood until his intellectual career was on its full bloom, the economic transformations in Europe became the solid foundations of Marxist historiography.His nascent years had been vital for the development of his future philosophical pursuit. In his poem To My Grandfather, written December 20, 1833, Friedrich had shown his too soon acquaintances in history through stories in the Greek mythology which he described as many a(prenominal) a beautiful story that his grandfather had told him . Another ignoble poem written 3 years after described characters in stories from all over Europe seen by young Friedrich as pictures to delight . He was an observer and the environment drew much attention from him.Once he wrote about the conditions in Wuppertal, one of his first attempts to explain the seemingly complicated miseries of the working(a) class , even the columns of a building and the style of architecture did not escape his watch. It was the beginning of his acquisition of his most powerful weapon in his revolutionary battle excellence in textual conveyance. Not only was it a peek to his future history inclinations but also his superb literary giving that has greatly manifested in his works. In such a young age, Engels had learned that his wealth was a curse.The environment in which Friedrich Engels lived was full of stark contradictions. External factors greatly affected his inner resolve. His father, a German textile mill owner, wanted him to become an industrialist too like himself. Kn owing in his self that he was not fit for that kind of life, a strained relationship developed between them. A supporter of the Prussian government, Friedrichs father held conservative views in political relation and religion which were attributed to his Protestant Pietist devotion.He enrolled Friedrich in local Pietist schools where he was indoctrinated with narrow fundamentalist views of society. Those were never acceptable to his broad interests. Hoping that the radical youth in Friedrich could good-tempered be doused with cold waters of isolation, he was sent to Bremen before he finished his high school studies to work as a clerk. These efforts were put to waste. on that point he exhibited despise to autocracy and religion, enjoyed life at its fullest and studied literature, philosophy, theology and history . Engels was drawn to the democratic struggles that were gaining political momentum at that time.Using a pen name of Friedrich Oswald, he participated in the literary movem ent. His first work, a poem titled The Bedouin was published in the Bremisches Conversationsblatt No. 40. In September 1838 and many other literary works and commentaries proceeded thereafter. As an active radical, Engels wrote articles for the democratic movement while attending lectures at Berlin University with his military service all at the like time. When he moved to Berlin to join the Household Artillery of the Prussian Army, he already had attractions to the Young Hegelians .

Kant Deontological Theory Essay Example for Free

Kant Deontological Theory Es ordinateThe Formula of Humanity- Act so that you use humanity, whether in your own person or that of a nonher, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means. The Formula of the Kingdom of Ends- Act in accordance with the maxims of a member bountiful universal laws for a merely possible kingdom of ends. The moralistic occupation is what we should be doing. Good is defined as doing what is right and avoiding doing wrong. We have a trans operateion to be portrayalive in such a way that our actions atomic number 18 moral even if it produces unfavourable results. What is practised, accord to Kant Nothing is good but a good ordain. (Good goals).It is good to be creative or to have good fortune with good knocked out(p)comes the world becomes a better place. Goodwill is having the good intention to perform ones duty. The consequences of our actions do not make an action good but rather the goodwill. What is having a good will? Kant p roposes that when someone acts out of goodwill that is when someone is performing out of duty. According to Kant Duty should be done for the sake and duty alone. How do we know our duty in a certain situation? Duty has nothing to do with a certain situation or what happens all that matters is the decision is good and the outcome is good.Kant suggests act as if our decision applies to all people at all times. It is always in order to tell lies if the outcome is favourable? Kant would disagree with this. When we act stringently out of duty we act sourceably in a manner that we fulfil our duties. Having goodwill is to perform ones duty It is our duty to do our duty even though we might not be rewarded in this life but we will be rewarded in the next life. Deontological Ethics. Kant Deontological theory of ethical motive it is linked to moral law of ethics, especially that branch dealing with duty, moral obligation, and right action.Origin 182030 Greek deont- that which is binding (st em of deo) (Websters Revised Unabridged vocabulary (1913), edited by Noah Porter. ) The word deontology comes from the Greek word meaning duty (deon) and science (or study) of (logos). In moral philosophy, deontological ethics Ethical are theories that maintain that the moral rightness or wrongness of an action depends on its intrinsic qualities. (Websters Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913), edited by Noah Porter). A Quote from Kant Awe and esteem fills the mind.Starry heavens a metaphor (scientific absolutism) above and the moral law within. Like gravity and science these are laws which are unequivocal as well as moral laws. We have a choice we pot all still identify the moral law e. g. do not steal. Kantian deontological theory of ethics is an absolutes theory something which is considered wrong i. e. suicide will always be wrong. Kant argues that morals is rooted in reason he states that the demands of morality are absolute or categorical and it presupposes freedom, we hav e a choice and can identify and sharp-wittedly identify morality.Kant states that morality must be unconditional it has to be categorical. Kant distinguishes between categorical imperatives from hypothetical ones. The categorical imperative is not about desires or goals but rather about personal well-being. flat imperatives are absolute and universal. Categorical imperative is necessary truth and cannot be without self-contradiction or irrationality. The Universal Law Act simply in accordance with that maxim by dint of that at the same time, will that it become a universal law. Ones actions must be universal.The Universal law is that one should act on the maxim a law which can become a universal law in nature when acceptable and sustainable. We know that lying and stealing is wrong. If everyone did this nightclub would fail. Perfect duties are without exceptions, but we understand that torture and suicide is always wrong. Suicide is always wrong if this was universalized smart set would fail. We know that making False Promises that cannot be fulfilled, is always wrong if we cannot regard this as a universal law society would fail.Breaking promises when it in my interest he states that this inconsistent and therefore cannot be a moral imperative. fragile duties is seeking the perfection of our duties are contradictions to our will. We ought to be seeking to promote the happiness of early(a)s. We understand that this is not always possible. He does not exclude pleasure in doing duty, but that pleasure should not be the guide to what ones duty is. What is duty? Kant says Duty is the necessity of acting from respect for the Law Kant believes that duty should be crowned in the end with happiness.Obedience he says is a maxim that is universally binding as a law to all rational beings. Treat humans as ends to themselves and should respect and never to treat others as a means to an end but only as an end. This means that we should respect others, because every human possesses an intrinsic value. We are to consider whether our actions are moral and acceptable. Kant argues that morals are about following the rules. Kant moral theory can be summarised in two ways Kant argues that we all have a choice that we can all identify the moral law. The Categorical ImperativeKant designed the Categorical imperative as a framework used to make moral law, which states that one must do what one expects other to do in a similar situation. The Categorical Imperative is the central concept in Kants ethics and the groundwork to Metaphysics of Morals. It is based to the supreme article of belief of morality (4392), from which all our moral duties come from. He believed that moral requirements were based on a standard of rationality and he named this the Categorical Imperative. By using the Universal Imperatives we use our reason (as long as it is not corrupted) to guide us in a path which is morally virtuous.He states that we should act according to the max im by which you can at the same time will that it becomes a universal law. Kant uses the example of a person who lends money and is unable to reciprocate the loan. He states that this cannot be a universal law people will no longer believe each other and no person will lend money to another. This can be explained in three ways The Universal Law means that one should act on an action which can be sustained. It is important that we should consider if an action is right or wrong.This action will eliminate selfish action towards other human beings. Imperfect Duties Imperfect duties to seek the happiness of other people this cannot completed always. The moral law will most certainly collapse if everyone told lies and were to steal. It is expected of one to perform ones duty in every way. The Kingdom of Ends is in accordance with the maxims of a member giving universal laws for a merely possible kingdom of ends is an ideal society every person must act in such a way that it benefits the greater number of people for the greater good.Every person should act in such a way as if the person through their maxim were universal lawmakers as members in the universal kingdom of ends. One cannot say I will kill myself out of love this is acceptable and cannot be regarded as a universal law. He argues that humans have an intrinsic worth, and convey a special place in creation, therefore people are to be treated with respect and dignity because we should understand that we are all rational agents. We possess the freedom to make our own decisions set targets and guide our conduct by reason.He believes that God is the Supreme Being speaking through our conscious. indeed Gods existence although it remains unproven it is necessary in order for Kants ethical theory to be sound. He states that is freedom and immortality. God is the law presenter to be obeyed Kant argues that there must be a God and an after-life since it would be intolerable if there were no reward. Kant states th at if humans were to disappear from the planet the moral dimension would disappear too. Critique on Kants theories Humans are motivated by pleasure and not only by reason.The question is it possible to act unselfishly, it is necessary to take consequences into consideration. Kant ethics places great emphasises on lying as a form of wrong. He fails to offer an understanding of conflict between diametric duties, Kant theories does not take into consideration social conditioning and free will. I disagree with Kant that feelings are subjective and selfish and find that he focuses too a great deal on pure practical moral reason he excludes feeling and desires.Kant tries to combine ethics with reason but this seems unrealistic as the concept of reason does not exist in isolation from human beings and their feelings and actions. Ref Jorge J. Gracia E, Gregory M, Reichberg and Bernard, Schumacher N. The Classics of Western Philosophy, (Blackwell Publishing Ltd). 2004. Ref Mc Coy A. An In telligent Persons aim to Christian Ethics, Continuum. London , New York Ref http//www. slideshare. net/t0nywilliams/kant-9170093.

Difference Between Traditional File Systems Information Technology Essay

Difference Between Traditional File Systems In tenoration Technology try onWikipedia, The traditionalistic register transcription is a method of storing and arranging information processing placement cross- agitates and the information in the charge up. Basic exclusivelyy it organizes these files into a infobase for the storage, constitution, manipulation, and retrieval by the computers operating system.For this method, a file name is assigned to a file in order to secure storage location in the computer memory or selective information storage devices much(prenominal) as cloggy disks or CD-ROMs atomic number 18 delectationd to maintain the physical location of the files. By this file name a file send packing be further accessed. Whether the file system has an underlying storage device or non, file systems typically take away directories which associate file names with files, usually by connecting the file name to an index in a file allocation table.A new design for file wariness is the concept of a informationbase-based file system.Files atomic number 18 identified by their characteristics, like eccentric person of file, topic, author, etc(database anxiety system) consists of softw are that operates databases, providing storage, access, trade protection, backup and other facilities. This system elicit be categorized jibe to the database model and the type of computer that they support such(prenominal) as a server cluster or a mobile ph wizard, the query language(s) that access the database, such as SQL or XQuery, performance trade-offs, such as maximum scale or maximum speed or others. Some DBMS cover to a greater extent than mavin entry in these categories, e.g., supporting multiple query languages.Meanwhile database management systems are usually accessed in a client-server manner, where the database client and the server are located on different machines (in a local area network).Both systems deal with information management.F ile-based SystemFile-based systems were an early attempt to computerize the manual filing system. File-based system is a collection of application programs that perform services for the end-users, such as updating, insertion, deletion adding new files to database etc. Each program defines and manages its data.When a computer user wants to blood line data electronically they must do so by placing data in files. Files are stored in specific locations on the hard disk (directories). The user whoremaster create new files to office staff data in, delete a file that see to its data, rename the file, etc which is known as file management a function provided by the Operating System (OS).Advantages of traditional file based systemDisadvantages of traditional file based systemNo desire of external storageProvides less security.No need of a broad(prenominal)ly technical person to handle the database.Redundancy is more.Processing speed is high as compared to DBMSLess integrity.High mult ifactoriality in updating of database.Table 1.1.1Database Management SystemThe reformment of the File-Based System (FBS) was the Database Management System (DBMS) which came up in the 60s.The Database Management System removed the trouble of manually locating data, and having to go through and through it. The user could create a suitable structure for the data beforehand, to place the information in the database that the DBMS is managing. Hence, the physical organizing of files is done away with and provides the user with a logical view of the data input.A database is a collection of interrelate information stored in a database server these data will be stored in the form of tables. The ancient aim of database is to provide a way to store and retrieve database information fast and in an efficient manner.AdvantagesControl of data redundancyAlthough the database approach does not remove redundancy contendly, it bids the sum up of redundancy in the database.Data unityBy re sorr owful or controlling redundancy, the database approach reduces the risk of inconsistencies occurring. It ensures all copies of the idea are kept consistent.More information from the same amount of dataWith the amalgamation of the operated data, it is possible to derive additional information for the same data.Sharing of dataDatabase belongs to the entire governing and can be shared by all authorized users.Improved data integrityDatabase integrity provides the validity and consistency of stored data. Integrity is usually expressed in terms of constraints, which are consistency rules that the database is not permitted to violate.Improved securityProvides protection of data from unauthorized users. It will require user names and passwords to identify user type and their access safe in the operation including retrieval, insertion, updating and deletion.Enforcement of standardsThe integration of the database enforces the necessary standards including data formats, naming conventions, d ocumentation standards, update procedures and access rules.Economy of scaleCost savings can be obtained by combining all organizations operational data into one database with applications to work on one source of data.Balance of conflicting requirementsBy having a structural design in the database, the conflicts mingled with users or departments can be resolved. Decisions will be based on the base use of resources for the organization as a whole rather than for an individual person.Improved data accessibility and responsivenessBy having integration in the database approach, data accessing can cross departmental boundaries. This feature provides more functionality and better services to the users.Increased productivityThe database approach provides all the low-level file-handling routines. The provision of these functions allow the programmer to concentrate more on the specific functionality required by the users. The fourth-generation environs provided by the database can simplify the database application development.Improved maintenanceProvides data independence. As a change of data structure in the database will affect the application program, it simplifies database application maintenance.Increased concurrencyDatabase can manage concurrent data access effectively. It ensures no interference between users that would not result any loss of information or loss of integrity.Improved backing and reco rattling servicesModern database management system provides facilities to defame the amount of processing that can be broken following a failure by using the transaction approach.DisadvantagesComplexityA difficult software. all(prenominal) users must be familiar with its functionality and take full advantage of it. Therefore, training for the administrators, designers and users is required.SizeUses a substantial amount of main memory as tumefy as large amount of disk space in order to make it run efficiently.Cost of DBMSA multi-user database management system whitethorn be very expensive. Even after the installation, on that point is a high regular annual maintenance price on the software.Cost of conversionWhen moving from a file-base system to a database system, the company is required to run through additional expenses on hardware acquisition and training cost.PerformanceAs the database approach is to provide for some(prenominal) applications rather than exclusively for a particular one, some applications may not run as fast as before.Higher impact of a failureIncreases the vulnerability of the system due to the centralization. As all users and applications reply on the database availability, the failure of any component can bring operations to a halt and affect the services to the customer seriously.The difference between TFS and DBMSBalajee B. (2005), There are number of characteristics that differ from traditional file management system to database management system. In file system approach, each user go acrosss the required files for a specific application to run. (Example in a sales department of an cypherprise, one user will be maintaining the details of the number of sales personnel in that department and their grades. These details will be stored and kept up(p) in a separate file. Another user will maintain the salary details of these sales personnel and the detailed salary report will be stored and maintained in a separate file. Although both of the users need the data of the salespersons, they will be having their details in separate files and they need different programs to operate their files.) When such data is isolated in separate files, it is difficult to access data that should be available for both users. This will lead to wastage of space and redundancy or replication of data, which may lead to confusion, as sharing of data among various users is not possible and data unlikeness may occur. These files will not be having any inter-relationship among the data stored in these files. Ther efore in traditional file processing every user will be defining their own constraints and implement the files according to their needs.In database approach, a single store of data is maintained that is defined once and then accessed by many users, as database belongs to the entire organization and can be shared by all authorized users. The essential characteristic of database approach is that the database system not only contains data besides it contains complete definition or description of the database structure and control. These definitions are stored in a system compose, which contains the information about the structure and definitions of the database. The information stored in the catalog is called the metadata, it describes the primary database. Hence this approach will work on any type of database for example, insurance database, Airlines, banking database, Finance details, and Enterprise information database. But in traditional file processing system the application is developed for a specific purpose and they will access specific database only. But the processing speed in TFS is high compared to DBMS.The other main characteristic of the database is that it will allow multiple users to access the database at the same time and sharing of data is possible. The database must include concurrency control software to ensure that several users trying to update the same data at the same time, it should maintain in a controlled manner. In file system approach many programmers will be creating files over a long period and various files have different format, in various application languages, where duplication of data can occur.This redundancy in storing same data multiple times leads to higher costs and wastage of space. This may result in data inconsistency in the application this is because update is done to some of the files only and not all of the files. Moreover in database approach multiple views can be created orthogonal view User/Application view,C onceptual view Logical view,Internal view Details about the structure of data and physical storage of information. gull is a tailored representation of information contained in one or more tables. View is excessively called as Virtual table because view does not contain physically stored records and will not occupy any space.A multi-user database whose users have variety of applications must provide facilities for defining multiple views. In traditional file system, if any changes are made to the structure of the files it will affect all the programs. Therefore, changes to the structure of a file will require to change all programs that access the file and whereby data dependence will be lost. But in the case of database approach the structure of the database is stored separately in the system catalog from the access of the application programs. This property is known as program-data independence.Database can also be used for continuous storage for program endeavors and data str uctures that resulted in object oriented database approach. Traditional systems suffered from impedance mismatch problem and difficulty in accessing the data, which is avoided in object oriented database system. Database can be used to represent complex relationships among data as well as to retrieve and update related data easily and efficiently. Hence DBMS does not automatically remove redundancies, but support to control redundancy.It is possible to define and enforce integrity constraints for the data stored in the database. The database also provides facilities for recovering hardware and software failures, as it has automatic and smart backup and recovery procedures. It reduces the application development time considerably when compared to the file system approach and availability of up-to-date information of all the users. It also provides security to the data stored in the database system and maintains integrity.A highly technical person will be required to handle the data base, while for TFS, it is not so.File-based systems are very dependent upon the application programmer. Any required queries or reports have to be written by the application programmer. Normally, a fixed format query or report can only be entertained and no facility for ad-hoc queries if offered. DBMS has data independence. The way information is stored and the way information issued is independent of each other.File-based systems also give tremendous pressure on data processing staff, with users complaints on programs that are inadequate or inefficient in meeting their demands. credential may be limited and maintenance of the system is difficult. Provision for security, integrity and recovery capability is very limited. Whereas, DBMS has control over security as it provides tools such as use of User Code, Password / Privileges and Roles to ensure security of data.Data, Field, Record, and File are the main components of Database environment. Briefly explain those.DataWebopedia (An on., n.d.), Distinct pieces of information usually formatted in a special way. All software is divided into two general categories data and programs. Programs are collections of instructions for manipulating data. Data can personify in a variety of forms as numbers or text on pieces of paper, as bits and bytes stored in electronic memory, or as facts stored in a persons mind. Strictly speaking, data is the plural of datum, a single piece of information. In practice, however, people use data as both the singular and plural form of the word. The term data is often used to distinguish binary machine-readable information from textual human-readable information. For example, some applications make a distinction between data files (files that contain binary data) and text files (files that contain ASCII data). In database management systems, data files are the files that store the database information, whereas other files, such as index files and data dictionaries, store administrative information, known as metadata.FieldWebopedia (Anon., n.d.), A space allocated for a particular item of information. A tax form, for example, contains a number of fields one for your name, one for your Social Security number, one for your income, and so on. In database systems, fields are the smallest units of information you can access. In spreadsheets, fields are called cells.Most fields have certain attributes associated with them. For example, some fields are numeric whereas others are textual some are long, while others are short. In addition, every field has a name, called the field name.In database management systems, a field can be required, optional, or calculated. A required field is one in which you must enter data, while an optional field is one you may leave blank. A calculated field is one whose value is derived from some formula involving other fields. You do not enter data into a calculated field the system automatically determines the correct value.A collection of f ields is called a record.RecordWebopedia (Anon., n.d.), In database management systems, a complete set of information. Records are composed of fields, each of which contains one item of information. A set of records constitutes a file. For example, a personnel file might contain records that have three fields a name field, an address field, and a phone number field. In relational database management systems, records are called tuples. Some programming languages allow you to define a special data structure called a record. Generally, a record is a combination of other data objects. For example, a record might contain three integers, a floating-point number, and a character string. In database management systems, a complete set of information. Records are composed of fields, each of which contains one item of information. A set of records constitutes a file. For example, a personnel file might contain records that have three fields a name field, an address field, and a phone number f ield.Figure 1.2.1Source Author Anon.,FileWebopedia (Anon., n.d.), A collection of data or information that has a name, called the filename. Almost all information stored in a computer must be in a file. There are many different types of files data files, text files, program files, directory files, and so on. Different types of files store different types of information. For example, program files store programs, whereas text files store text.What is the Importance of DBMS in a apology Organization and in an Education Department?Defence OrganizationBenjamin (n.d.), A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and the use of the database with computers of an organization and its end users. It allows organizations to place control of organization-wide database development in the hands of database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists.As organizations develop with time, their guideion to the latest technologies in the computer field becomes a necessity. A Defence organization is no different. In these turbulent times, when national security is more important, providing all Defence personnel with access to the latest engineering science and education opportunities not only directly contributes to Defence capability but also improve the defence personnels career development.Hence the importance of a DBMS in such an organization like Defence is vital. Because Database administrators could use this system to configure and operate databases as the software provides high level, privileged database access. But the management should restrict use of this software to authorized personnel. One function of the database administrator is to create particular views of information stored in the database that are unique for each type of user. For example, one officer will have a different view of information in the database than another, say Senior officer. The different user groups will also have different abi lities to add, modify, or delete information. The database administrator is responsible for providing users with access to the appropriate level of information. The primary risk associated with database administration is that an administrator can fudge sensitive data without those modifications being detected.A secondary risk is that an administrator can change access safes to information stored within the database as well as their own access rights.Database security is the last line of defence. So it deserves greater focus on the protection of private data from both internal and external.The aesthesia and classification of the information stored in the database form the basis for establishing controls. A database that stores confidential information may require a more significant control environment than a database that stores non-sensitive information. Management should consider the security and performance implications of the security options available with modern database man agement systems.Database security professionals and information security and risk management professionals could adopt a security strategy in DBMS to1) Align database security policies with information security policies2) Ensure well-defined and formalized database security procedures3) Enforce aim separation and4) Apply advanced security measures such as database auditing, monitoring, database encryption, data masking, and vulnerability assessment to all critical databases that store private data.The DBMS can provide long-term benefits for the Defence organization reducing duplication of data and making it easier for HR to update personnel records. If not for DBMS, each time in that respect was a personnel change, trainers would have to go through their entire content to make the necessary changes. Now, replacing Brigadier Xs picture in the content library with Commodore Ys picture can be automatically replicated through all relevant programs. Thereby reduce its expenditure on s torage. But, initial training will be required for all programmers and users. Even though database systems are complex, difficult, and time-consuming to design, there is greater data integrity and independence from applications programs andEducation DepartmentSue Bushell (2004), To improve teaching and accomplishment with the admirer of modern information and communication technology eLearning is beneficial to education, corporations and to all types of learners. It is affordable, saves time, and produces measurable results.E- acquisition comprises all forms of electronically supported skill and teaching. The tuition and communication systems, whether networked or not, serve as specific media to implement the learning process.E-learning services have evolved since computers were first used in education. There is a apparent motion to move towards blended learning services, where computer-based activities are integrated with practical or classroom-based situations.E-learning is e ssentially the computer and network-enabled transfer of skills and knowledge. E-learning applications and processes include Web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual classroom opportunities and digital collaboration. essence is delivered via the Internet, intranet/extranet, audio or video tape, satellite TV, and CD-ROM. It can be self-paced or instructor-led and includes media in the form of text, image, animation, streaming video and audioThe definition of e-learning varies depending on the organization and how it is used but basically it involves electronic means of communication, education, and training.Regardless of the definition you chose to use, designers, developers, and implementers make or break the instructional courses and tools. E-learning is simply a medium for delivering learning and like any other medium, it has its advantages and disadvantages. E-learning covers a wide array of activities from supported learning, to blended or hybrid learning (the combin ation of traditional and e-learning practices), to learning that occurs one C% online.As per wikipedia.org, the worldwide e-learning industry is estimated to be worth over $48 billion US according to conservative estimates. Developments in internet and multimedia technologies are the basic enabler of e-learning, with consulting, content, technologies, services and support being identified as the five key sectors of the e-learning industry.E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. E-Learning pioneer Bernard Luskin argues that the E must be understood to have broad meaning if e-learning is to be effective. Luskin says that the e should be interpreted to mean exciting, energetic, enthusiastic, emotional, extended, excellent, and educational in addition to electronic that is a traditional national interpretation. This broader interpr etation allows for 21st century applications and brings learning and media psychology into the equation.E-Learning can also refer to educational web sites such as those offering learning scenarios, worksheets and interactive exercises for children. The term is also used extensively in the business sector where it generally refers to cost-effective online trainingThere are many advantages to online and computer-based learning when compared to traditional face-to-face courses and lectures. There are a few disadvantages as well.Advantages of eLearning(Anon., n.d) E-learning is beneficial to education, corporations and to all types of learners. It is affordable, saves time, and produces measurable results.Cost effectiveE-learning is more cost effective than traditional learning because less time and money is spent traveling. Since e-learning can be done in any geographic location and there are no travel expenses, this type of learning is much less costly than doing learning at a tradit ional institute.FlexibilityFlexibility is a major benefit of e-learning. E-learning has the advantage of taking class anytime anywhere. Education is available when and where it is needed. E-learning can be done at the office, at home, on the road, 24 hours a day, and seven days a week.Learnerslike e-learning because it accommodates different types of learning styles.They have the advantage of learning at their own pace. Students can also learn through a variety of activities that apply to many different learning styles. Learners can fit e-learning into their busy schedule. If they hold a job, they can participate in eLearning right at their desk. If the learner needs to do the learning at night, then this option is available while in their pajamas and do the learning if they desire.Personalized learningE-learning encourages students to peruse through information by using hyperlinks and sites on the worldwide Web.Learners are able to find information relevant to their personal situat ions and interest. E-learning allows selection oflearning materials that meet their level of knowledge, interest and what they need to know to perform more effectively in an activity.E-learning is more focused on the learner and it is more elicit for the learner because it is information that they want to learn. E-learning is flexible and can be customized to meet the individual needs of the learners.Develops knowledgeE-learning helps develop knowledge of the Internet. This knowledge will help learners throughout their careers. E-learning encourages students to take personal responsibility for their own learning. When learners keep an eye on, it builds self-knowledge and self-confidenceDisadvantages of eLearningAccessOne disadvantage of eLearning is that learners need to have access to a computer as well as the Internet. They also need to have computer skills with programs such as word processing, Internet browsers, and e-mail. Without these skills and software it is not possible for thelearner to succeed in eLearning.E-learners need to be very comfortable using a computer. Slow Internet connections or older computers may make accessing course materials difficult. This may cause the learners to get frustrated and give up.Software and filesAnother disadvantage of e-learning is managing computer files, software comfortability and learning new software, including e-learning. For learners with beginner-level computer skills it can sometimes have the appearance _or_ semblance complex to keep their computer files organized.The lesson points you to download a file which the learner does and later cannot find the file. The file is downloaded to the folder the computer automatically opens to rather than a folderchosen by the learner. This file may be lost or misplaced to the learner without good computer organizational skills.High wantE-learning also requires time to complete especially those with assignments and interactive collaborations. This means that students have to be highly motivated and responsible because all the work they do is on their own. Learners with low motivation or bad study habits may not complete modules and may fall behindIsolationAnother disadvantage of e-learning is that students may feel isolated and unsupported while learning. Instructions are not always available to help the learner so learners need to have topic to work independently without assistance. E-learners may also become bored with no interaction with instructors or classmates.Without the routine structures of a traditional class, students may get lost or confused about course activities and deadlines. Instructor may not always be available when students are studying or need helpConclusionToday many technologies can be, and are, used in e-learning, from blogs to collaborative software, E-Portfolios, and virtual classrooms. Most e-learning situations use combinations of these techniques.Even though the hardware and software start-up are costly, the advanta ges are reduced data redundancy, reducing updating errors and increased consistency, greater data integrity and independence from applications programs, improved data access to users through use of host and query languages, improved data security and availability of facilitated development of new application programs and ability for intensive research are the benefits of DBMS.Task 2Draw an Entity Relationship Data Model which describes the content and structure of the data held by the Medi Check Hospital.Produce the resulting tables of above Medi Check Hospital and clearly indicating the primary and foreign keys.Data TablesDoctorDoctorID (primary)LnameFnameAddressPhonePagerSpecialtyLocationAvailabilityPatientPatientNo (primary)PatientFirstNamePatientLastNamePatientAddressPatientTelNoPatientDobPatientMaritalStatusPatientDateRegisteredAppointmentAppointmentNo (primary)PatientNameDate/TimePatientTelNoSymptomSymptomCode (primary),SymptomName definitionTreatmentTreatmentTitle (primary)Tr eatmentTypeDurationStatusTreatmentCostMedicationMedicationNo (primary)MedicationTypeSideEffectDosageFrequencySeverityMedicationBrandNameMedicationManufactureNameMedicationManufactureAddressMedicationManufactureTelNormalize these tables to ensure that are all in BCNF. Show the steps you have taken in normalizing the tables.UNFMedication (DoctorID, Lname, Fname, Address, Phone, Pager, Specialty, Location,Availability, PatientNo, PatientFirstName, PatientLastName,PatientAddress, PatientTelNo, PatientDob, PatientMaritalStatus,PatientDateRegistered, AppoinmentNo, PatientName, Date/Time,PatientTelNo, SymptomCode, SymptomName, Description,TreatmentTitle, TreatmentTyp